汽车工艺与材料

1. 电液比例变量泵控制方法研究
徐 磊， 陶建峰， 刘成良
（上海交通大学机械与动力工程学院，上海 200240）

摘 要：为了对电液比例变量泵的控制方法进行仿真研究，建立了基于Simhydraulics的电液比例变量泵的控制模型;为了测试控制方法的工作性能,通过调节节流阀开口对泵进行加载;经过理论分析及仿真研究，明确了各种控制方法的问题所在；为了解决压力控制模式下压力振动较大及PD控制器难以消除控制误差等问题，提出了对双闭环控制方法引进积分补偿的控制方法；针对压力控制模式和流量控制模式下不同的控制要求，建立了可根据泵的工作模式自动调整参数的PID控制器。对新提出的控制方法进行数值仿真及试验显示，新控制方法不但具有双闭环控制方法的稳定性能，对电液比例变量泵因流量变化带来的误差也具有很好的消除作用。

关键词：电液比例变量泵；控制方法；仿真；测试
中图分类号：TH81；TP391.9 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0001-04

Study on control schemes for electro-hydraulic proportional pump
XU Lei， TAO Jian-feng， LIU Cheng-liang
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Shanghai Jiaotong Universiy，Shanghai 200240，China）

Abstract: To study the effects of different control schemes on electro-hydraulic proportional pump， a pump model based on the Simhydraulics was constructed. After theoretical analysis and simulation， the disadvantages of different control schemes were clarified. As the pressure vibration under pressure control mode is obvious and the tracking error can’t be eliminated by a PD controller， a double closed-loop control scheme with an integral compensator was proposed. According to the requirements in pressure-and flow-control modes， a controller， which can adjust the parameters and select input signals automatically with the switching of control mode， was built. Both simulation and experiment results show that the proposed scheme can not only work stably as double closed-loop control scheme， but also efficiently eliminate the errors led by the change of flow rate.

Key words: electro-hydraulic proportional pump； control scheme； simulation； test

2. 基于Simulink/DSP的电子压力机运动控制规律的研究
薄 伟， 陈昌明， 易建军， 田晓强
（华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院，上海 200237）

摘 要：针对当前压力机普遍存在精度不高以及效率低的问题，提出了一种基于32位DSP单片机TMS320F2812控制的电子压力机控制方案。根据电子压力机滑块运动特点，借助Matlab/Simulink软件包能快速实现动态系统的建模、仿真和分析等优点，利用Target for TI C2000工具对控制系统进行建模与仿真，重点分析讨论了电子压力机的滑块以恒速运动时运动规律，并进行仿真论证。仿真结果表明，通过改进硬件系统以及控制算法，能有效提高压力机压装精度，并能应对各种复杂产品高效率生产要求。

关键词：电子压力机；Simulink软件；系统建模；恒定速度；PID算法；DSP系统
中图分类号：TH871.1；TP273 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0005-05

Servo press controller study on constant speed based on Simulink/DSP
BO Wei， CHEN Chang-ming， YI Jian-jun， TIAN Xiao-qiang
（School of Mechanical and Dynamical Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China）

Abstract: To overcome the disadvantages of current presses in precision and efficiency，a new control system based on 32-bit DSP TMS320F2812 to control E-press was proposed. According to the property of E-press，the model of system is established with Matlab/Simulink software， which can realize modeling， simulation and analysis of dynamic system and can be used in the control system. Then the movement rule of the slider under constant speed was analyzed in detail and simulation demonstration was also performed. Simulation results showed that it improves the accuracy of the E-press significantly and is available for the production of complex products with high efficiency.

Key words: e-press； simulink； system modeling； constant speed； PID； DSP

3. 时选窗技术在传声器自由场互易校准中的运用
郝豫川， 蒲志强， 周远波， 雷 强
（汽车工艺与材料技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）

摘 要：实验室标准传声器的自由场互易校准是复现声压量值的一种基本方法，在测量过程中需要测试系统具有很高的信噪比。在空气声自由场声压基准装置中采用了步进正弦信号扫描和时间延迟谱技术测量传声器转移阻抗复频率响应，并采用IFFT得到脉冲响应，通过时域窗口消除反射，有效提高了信噪比，在体积较小的消声箱内完成了互易校准。

关键词：步进正弦；时间延迟谱；互易校准；实验室标准传声器
中图分类号：TN641；TB52+1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0010-03

Time selective window technique in microphone reciprocity calibration in free field
HAO Yu-chuan， PU Zhi-qiang， ZHOU Yuan-bo， LEI Qiang
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）

Abstract: Free field calibration of laboratory standard microphone is a basic method of reproducing sound pressure quantity， but high signal-to-noise ratio is required for the measuring system. In this work， stepped sine sweeping and time delay spectrometry were used to measure the complex frequency response of transfer impedance of microphone. Impulse respond was achieved using time window erasing reflection. By this way， the signal-to-noise ratio is improved effectively and reciprocity calibration can be performed in small anechoic chamber.

Key words: stepped sine； time delay spectrometry； reciprocity calibration； laboratory standard microphone

4. 火箭发动机燃烧室压力测试中引压管设计
董洪强， 袁杰红， 周 杰
（国防科学技术大学，湖南 长沙 410072）

摘 要：利用管道固有频率计算的基本原理，较为深入地研究了压力测试中引压管固有频率与管内充质、结构之间的关系；根据传热学基本原理，对引压管进行了传热类型分析，并利用有限元方法，分析了管内充质为水时引压管的热传导特性。所得结论为小推力液体火箭发动机燃烧室压力测试中的引压管设计提供了参考依据。

关键词：测试；小推力；火箭发动机；引压管；特性；研究
中图分类号：V437；TH812 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0013-05
Primary exploration of press-leading tube design in rocket chamber-pressure test
DONG Hong-qiang， YUAN Jie-hong， ZHOU Jie
（National University of Defence Technology，Changsha 410072，China）

Abstract: According to the keystone of tube inherent frequency computation， it was deeply studied for the relationship between inherent frequency of press-leading tube and the substance in it and its structure. Based on heat-transfer theory， the heat transfer style of press-leading tube was analyzed. By the means of finite elements， it was studied for the heat conduct characteristic of press-leading tube when the substance in it was water. The results offered reference frame for the application design of press-leading tube.

Key words: test； low thrust； rocket engine； press-leading tube； characteristic； study

5. 一种高性能产品功能质量测试平台的设计
霍淑珍
（天津职业大学，天津 300402）
摘 要：以车载娱乐电子模块为例阐述了自动化生产线中产品功能测试系统的开发，系统使用了当今先进的测试仪器，通过系统总线协调整个系统工作，从而测试生产线生产的产品是否合格。系统采用LabWindows开发环境，开发了友好的人机界面，通过数据库系统纪录存储数据，并开发了生产控制系统，保证生产过程中产品流动的单向性。生产实践证明，该系统运行稳定可靠，测试结果一致性好，并且可以推广到其他电子产品的生产测试中。

关键词：测试系统；LabWindows/CVI软件；功能测试；MSA分析；多媒体产品
中图分类号：TN606；TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0018-03

High performance test system design for product function test
HUO Shu-zhen
（Tianjin Vocational Institute，Tianjin 300402，China）

Abstract: An example， a multi media product test system was described to interpret how to develop product function test system for the quality of electronic product in automated production line. The system coordinated most advanced instruments in the world by industrial bus to decide if the product met the specification. The system which was developed in Labwindows， had friendly human interface， and stored test data in database. There was a control system to insure product following direction. It is proved that the system is very robust and the test result is repeatable. The system can also be applied to other electronic product test.

Key words: test system； LabWindows/CVI； functional test； MSA analysis； multi media product

6. 石油高压管汇声发射特性的研究
朱祥军
（川庆钻探工程公司安全环保质量检验监督研究院，四川 广汉 618300）

摘 要：为了解决石油高压管汇常规无损检测费时费力的现状，提高检测准确性，从实验入手，根据声发射技术原理，分析出声发射源产生的声发射信号在石油高压管汇的的传播特性，给出检测中排除噪声的方法，通过破坏实验研究分析出石油高压管汇缺陷扩展的声发射信号参数特征，并给出石油高压管汇声发射检测的最佳布点方式。实验表明，声发射技术应用到石油高压管汇检测准确度高、效率高，为其他声发射信号传播衰减小、传播特性好的石油设备的声发射检测提供参考。

关键词：声学；石油高压管汇；声发射；特性；噪声；定位
中图分类号：TB51+2；TE258.3 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0021-04

Research of AE characteristic on high-pressure petroleum tube
ZHU Xiang-jun
（Safety Environment Quality Surveillance and Inspection Research Institute of CNPC Chuanqing
Drilling & Exploration Corporation，Guanghan 618300，China）

Abstract: In order to solve the time-consuming and labor-cost status of high-pressure petroleum tube test with conventional NDT and improve the accuracy, the transmission characteristics of AE signal on high-pressure petroleum tube was analyzed on the basis of experiments according to the principles of acoustic emission technique, and the noise sources in the tests were also analyzed in detail. The AE signal characteristic parameters of high-pressure petroleum tube was identified through destructive experiments, and the best way for AE layout was proposed. The experiment results show that acoustic emission technology is of high-accuracy and high-efficiency for testing high-pressure tube. It provides a reference way for acoustic emission testing of other oil equipments with low attenuation and good transmission characteristics.

Key words: acoustics； high-pressure petroleum tube； AE； characteristic； noise； location

7. 激光跟踪仪系统测量不确定度预测方法研究
刘 影1， 谢 驰2， 杨 府2
（1. 四川大学电子信息学院，四川 成都 610064； 2. 四川大学制造科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610065）

摘 要：针对测量系统的测量不确定度预测问题，将现代信息论的思想应用于激光跟踪仪测量系统的测量不确定度分析与预测中，采用现代信息论中的时间序列自回归模型（AR模型）建立测量系统不确定度预测模型，揭示测量系统的结构与规律，对测量系统进行预测分析，提高测量系统的测量精度。通过建立基于AR模型的激光跟踪仪测量系统的测量不确定度预测模型，对激光跟踪仪系统的测距误差进行了预测分析。仿真实验表明，基于AR模型的测量系统的测量不确定度预测模型具有良好的精度，而且该模型预测分析数据具有可靠性。

关键词：激光跟踪；测量系统；AR模型；不确定度；预测方法
中图分类号：TN249；TM930.114 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0025-03

Study of measurement uncertainty forecasting for laser tracking system
LIU Ying1， XIE Chi2， YANG Fu2
（1. School of Electronics and Information Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610064，China；
2. School of Manufacturing Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）

Abstract: Modern information theory was used to analyze and predict the measurement uncertainty of laser tracking systems. In order to improve the measurement precision， an AR model was developed for the prediction of measurement uncertainty， by which the structure and rule of the instrument system were revealed. Based on the AR model， an uncertainty prediction model for laser tracker system was established. The simulation results for the prediction analysis showed that the uncertainty prediction model based on AR model can provide accurate analysis results with good precision.
Key words: laser tracking； measuring system； AR model； uncertainty； forecasting method

8. 叠加式力标准机的长期稳定性与准确度
高富荣， 谭洪辉， 黄振宇
（广东省计量科学研究院，广东 广州 510405）

摘 要：针对叠加式力标准机的准确度评价，重点研究了参考标准长期稳定性与力标准机准确度的关系，强调了对长期稳定性的考核必须在力值数据未经修正的前提下进行。分别采用直接法与间接法对3 MN叠加机进行了考核，结果表明其长期稳定性优于±0.02%，力值扩展不确定度优于0.03%（k=2）。讨论了准确度优于0.03级的叠加机的量值溯源问题，指出了用直接法溯源到1MN静重式力基准机的可行性和优点，对于我国大力值计量体系的发展具有重要意义。

关键词：力值计量；叠加式力标准机；长期稳定性；准确度；量值溯源

中图分类号：TB931；TM930.114 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0028-03

Long-term stability and accuracy of build-up force standard machine
GAO Fu-rong， TAN Hong-hui， HUANG Zhen-yu
（Guangdong Institute of Metrology，Guangzhou 510405，China）

Abstract: In order to evaluate the accuracy of build-up force standard machines， the relationship between the long-term stability of the reference standards and the accuracy of the machine is studied. It is necessary to keep the force values of the standard machine unchanged for the verification of the long-term stability. The 3 MN build-up force standard machine is verified using both direct method and indirect method. The test results show that the long-term stability of the machine is better than ±0.02% and the expanded uncertainty is better than 0.03%（k=2）. The traceability of class 0.03 build-up machine is discussed， and the direct method which traced to the 1 MN deadweight force standard machine is recommended. This method is of great significance to the force metrology system.

Key words: force metrology； build-up force standard machine； long-term stability； accuracy； traceability

9. 线缆仿真器的校准方法研究
李胜海
（工业和信息化部电子第五研究所计量检测中心，广东 广州 510610）

摘 要：由于国内还没有针对线缆仿真器的相关校准规范和检定规程，对线缆仿真器的校准就成为迫切需要解决的问题。利用阻抗转换器解决了线缆仿真器和网络分析仪的阻抗不匹配和连接端口不同的问题，使用网络分析仪测试线缆仿真器的插入损耗，通过实验确定了线缆仿真器的插入损耗的校准方法。对数据进行不确定度的评定分析证明了上述校准方法能达到校准线缆仿真器插入损耗的要求，为编制线缆仿真器的校准规范或检定规程解决了技术上的难题。

关键词：校准；线缆仿真器；插入损耗；衰减；RJ45接口；网络分析仪

中图分类号：TM249.6；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0031-03

Research on wireline simulator calibration
LI Sheng-hai
（Calibration and Testing Center，The 5th Electronics Research Institute of the Ministry of Industry and
Information Technology，Guangzhou 510610，China）
Abstract: There is no calibration or verification procedure for wireline simulator in our country， so it becomes an urgent problem to establish a set of calibration procedures for wireline simulators. The impedance converter was used to solve the problems of impedance and connector mismatching between network analyzer and the cable simulator， and the network analyzer was used to test the insertion loss of the cable simulator. Then the calibration method of insertion loss was established for the wireline simulator on the basis of the experimental results. The results of calibration uncertainty analyses indicated that the calibration method can reach the requirements of insertion loss calibration， and it solved the key technical problem for establishing calibration or verification procedures for wireline simulators in the future.

Key words: calibration； wireline simulator； insert loss； attenuation； RJ45 connector； network analyzer

10. 汽车制动性能测试方法分析与研究
张 改
（汽车工艺与材料技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）

摘 要：传统的汽车制动力检测方法存在一些不足，可能会一定程度地影响到测试结果的稳定性和可靠性。为了准确评价汽车制动性能，通过对比几种常用制动性能测试方法，分析各自的优缺点，得出影响测试结果的因素，提出直接测量作用在车轮上的扭矩来评价车辆的制动性能是一种更科学、可靠的测试方法。该文从结构和原理上进行了阐述，作为一种新的制动力测试发展方向，其应用将为汽车性能试验及动态测试奠定基础。

关键词：制动力；车轮扭矩；制动性能；动态测试
中图分类号：U461.3；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0034-04

Analysis and research on braking performance test methods for the motor
ZHANG Gai
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）

Abstract: The traditional testing method for braking force have lots of shortages which may affect the stability and reliability of the results more or less. Factors that influence the results were obtained by analyzing advantages and disadvantages of several common used braking force test methods in order to evaluate the brake performance accurately， In this paper， a more scientific and reliable test method by measuring the torque at the wheels directly was put forward and the structure and principles were elaborated. As a new method， its application will lay the foundation on motor performance test and dynamic testing.

Key words: braking force； wheel torque； brake performance； dynamic test

11. 钻井四通开裂原因分析
刘 辉1， 张川东2， 付春艳1， 候 铎1
（1. 川庆钻探工程有限公司安全环保质量监督检测研究院，四川 广汉 618300；
2. 川庆钻探工程有限公司四川油建，四川 华阳 610213）

摘 要：对某在用钻井四通开裂事故进行了调查，采用力学试验、化学分析、金相、扫描电镜、能谱分析等手段并结合钻井四通的设计等方面寻找原因。结果表明，该四通开裂处存在大量缩孔等铸造缺陷，且该处加工制造时呈直角而造成应力集中。因此，一旦在铸造缺陷处形成裂纹就发生快速脆性断裂，最终导致该钻井四通失效。

关键词：材料检测与分析技术；铸造缺陷；理化检测；钻井四通；应力集中

中图分类号：TE28；X928.03 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0038-03

Analyze cracking reason for drilling spool
LIU Hui1， ZHANG Chuan-dong2， FU Chun-yan1， HOU Duo1
（1. HSE Supervision and Testing Institute，CNCP Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited，Guanghan 618300，China；
2. Sichuan Oil Construction，CNCP Chuanqing Drilling Engineering Company Limited，Huayang 610213，China）

Abstract: The crack of drilling spool was investigated by the methods of mechanical testing， chemical analysis， metallography， SEM， energy spectrum etc. And all of those methods were connected with the design of drilling spool to look for the cracking causes. The results show that there was a large number of casting defects like shrinkage in the drilling spool， and it was stress concentration in there when it had been processed. Therefore， if the drilling spool formed the cracks in the casting defects， rapid brittle fracture would occurred， the failure of the drilling spool would eventually be produced.

Key words: materials testing and analysis； casting defect； physical testing and chemical analysis； drilling spool； stress concentration

12. 血液净化装置主要计量参数对临床影响的探讨
胡良勇1， 唐敏然1， 尹良红2
（1. 广州市计量检测技术研究院，广东 广州 510030； 2. 暨南大学附属第一医院，广东 广州 510630）

摘 要：针对血液净化装置电导率、pH值、温度、压力、流量等主要计量参数的准确性对肾病患者临床影响的问题，通过临床观察、检测/校准实例数据及使用现状的分析，发现血液净化装置的主要计量参数的改变，使临床症状发生变化甚至产生不良影响，提出了制定血液净化装置检测/校准技术规范的必要性和现实性。对血液净化装置主要计量参数的监控范围的设定值提出指导性建议，对校准用设备的分辨力、精度和监控值测量的示值误差等提出了要求。因而，对血液净化装置检测/校准技术规范的制定以及临床的安全使用具有实际指导意义。

关键词：血液净化装置；计量参数；临床影响；检测/校准；技术规范

中图分类号：TH789；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0041-03

Clinical influence of main metrological parameters on hemofiltration equipment
HU Liang-yong1， TANG Min-ran1， YIN Liang-hong2
（1. Guangzhou Institute of Measurement And Test Technology，Guangzhou 510030，China；
2. The First Affiliated Hospital，Jinan University，Guangzhou 510630，China）

Abstract: The influence of the main metrology parameters’accuracy of hemofiltration equipments on clinical diagnosis of kidney disease was investigated. Analysis of clinical results suggested that the change of the parameters， including conductivity， pH， temperature， pressure and flux could lead to the change of clinical symptoms， even make the symptoms become worse. Thus， it is necessary to establish the test/calibration technique criterion of hemofiltration equipments. Based on the testing results of hemofiltration equipments from different manufactures and made at different time， the enactment values of monitor range were suggested for the main parameters. In addition， the required resolving power and precision of calibration equipment as well as the error of the monitor value were suggested.

Key words: hemofiltration equipment； metrological parameter； clinical influence； test/calibration； technique criterion

13. 感应雷击电子衡器的故障研究与预防
李春龙
（广东省计量科学研究院东莞分院，广东 东莞 523120）

摘 要：针对感应雷击的形成以及对电子衡器造成的危害进行了理论分析，并提出通过对传感器、仪表等部件的电位保护，传感器电流泄放通道、供电系统多级防雷保护、共地连接以及合理的布线方法等，可以有效防止电子衡器遭受感应雷击的损害。

关键词：电子衡器；防雷击系统；感应雷击
中图分类号：TH715.1+93；TN979.2+1 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0044-03

Research and prevention on lightning induced failures in electronic weighing instruments
LI Chun-long
（Dongguan Branch of Guangdong Metrology Institute，Dongguan 523120，China）

Abstract: The formation of induction lightning stroke and its harm for electronic weighing instrument has been analyzed theoretically in this paper. Through the potential protection on sensors， meters and other components， discharge channel of sensor current， multi-stage lightning protection on power supply system， common ground connection and reasonable method of wiring， etc.， the damage of induction lightning stroke can be effectively avoided for electronic weighing instruments.

Key words: electronic weighing instrument； anti-lightning system； induction lightning stroke

14. 室内空气污染治理产品及应用
王承霞， 黄晓天， 王喜元， 李云龙
（河南省建筑科学研究院有限公司，河南 郑州 450053）

摘 要：室内空气污染治理产品分为试剂类产品和空气净化器两类，对这两类产品的治理对象、治理效果进行了对比研究，研究结果表明，两类产品分别适用于污染严重和污染较轻的室内环境，试剂类产品更符合中国国情，具有多种技术优势的多功能空气净化器应是净化器发展的方向，综合使用两类治理产品更有利于提高室内空气品质。

关键词：室内空气污染；室内空气治理产品；试剂类治理产品；空气净化器；多功能空气净化器
中图分类号：X831；TU831.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0047-03

Brief introduction of indoor air pollution control product
WANG Cheng-xia， HUANG Xiao-tian， WANG Xi-yuan， LI Yun-long
（Henan Province Building Research Academy，Zhengzhou 450053，China）

Abstract: It was widely concerned by different sectors of the community that hazardous pollution in indoor air was harmful to human health， and those treatment materials for indoor air pollutants were become a new R&D focus. The indoor cleaning techniques are divided into the reagent products and the air cleaner. It is different in their cleaning object and cleaning effect. Reagent products are more suitable for heavy pollution， and fit the national conditions of China. Air cleaners are more suitable for less polluted indoor air， in the future， the air cleaner integrating more advantageous and multi-function will be welcomed. If possible， two kinds of indoor cleaning techniques should be wisely used in order to improve air quality.

Key words: indoor air pollution； air cleaning technique； cleaning product in reagent； air cleaner； multi-function air cleaner

15. 室内空气污染物降解效果的动态测试方法研究
方 正， 王佳黎， 李 凯， 张 雯， 刘仁红， 余海洋
（汽车工艺与材料技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）

摘 要：为了研究一套适合于测试净化产品在室内实际使用时对空气污染物降解效果的方法，采用气候箱模拟室内环境条件，以苯、甲苯、二甲苯为目标污染物，建立了室内空气污染物降解效果的动态测试方法。结果表明，该方法能实现模拟室内温度、湿度、空气交换及有害物释放等环境条件，具有气源浓度调节方便、快捷、稳定和重复性良好等优点，可用于评价在模拟室内环境条件下净化产品的净化效果。

关键词：净化产品；苯系物；降解效果；动态测试法
中图分类号：TQ24；TU834.8+6 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0050-03

Study on dynamically testing degradation of indoor air pollutants
FANG Zheng， WANG Jia-li， LI Kai， ZHANG Wen， LIU Ren-hong， YU Hai-yang
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）

Abstract: In order to study a set of suitable method for testing indoor air pollutants degradation of purification products， a dynamic testing method was established， which simulated indoor air conditions with climate chamber and regarded benzene， toluene， xylene as target pollutants. The result indicated that the method could simulate many environmental parameters including temperature， humidity， air exchange rate and harmful substances release. It also had advantages of good stability and repeatability， as well as convenient gas source concentration adjustment. This method can be used to evaluate the effect of purification products in simulated indoor environmental conditions.

Key words: purification products； BTEX； degradation effect； dynamic testing

16. 激光质谱在环状齐聚物中的应用
季怡萍， 张红明
（中国科学院长春应用化学研究所，吉林 长春 130022）

摘 要：综述了基质辅助激光解吸电离飞行时间质谱在不同结构的环状齐聚物表征中的应用及其发展过程的最新研究进展，分析了基质选择以及阳离子添加剂对实验结果的影响，阐述了这种分析方法对环状齐聚物结构表征中的重要作用。

关键词：结构表征；激光质谱；基质；阳离子添加剂；环状齐聚物
中图分类号：O657.63；TQ316.33+9 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0053-04

Apply MALDI-TOF-MS to characterize cyclic oligomers
JI Yi-ping， ZHANG Hong-ming
（Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Changchun 130022，China）
Abstract: The development and application of MALDI-TOF-MS（matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry） were reviewed for characterizing various kinds of cyclic oligomers. The effects of matrices and cationic additives on the analysis results were discussed. Besides， the important role of this method was studied for characterizing the structure cyclic oligomers.

Key words: structural characterization； MALDI-TOF-MS； matrix； cationic additive； cyclic oligomer

17. 气相色谱质谱法检测蔬菜中多效唑的残留
吕 燕， 赵 健， 杨 挺， 王立君
（农业部农产品质量安全监督检验测试中心，浙江 宁波　315040）

摘 要：建立了白菜和黄瓜中多效唑残留的检测方法。样品经乙腈提取，弗罗里硅土固相萃取小柱净化，以气相色谱/质谱选择125，167，236三个碎片离子进行定性定量分析。结果表明，多效唑在0.050～1.0 mg/L范围内呈线性关系（R为0．999 8），3种不同添加浓度0.040 mg/kg、0.10 mg/kg和0.50 mg/kg下白菜和黄瓜中多效唑的平均添加回收率在89.04%～99.77%之间，变异系数在2.57%～7.51%之间，检测限（S/N=3）为0.01 mg/kg，方法适用于蔬菜中多效唑的检测。

关键词：多效唑；气相色谱质谱法；白菜；黄瓜；蔬菜；残留
中图分类号：O657.7+1；TQ452 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0057-03

Determination of paclobutrazol residue in cabbages and cucumbers by gas chromatography mass spectrum method
L?譈 Yan， ZHAO Jian， YANG Ting， WANG Li-jun
（The Supervision Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality & Security，
Ministry of Agriculture，Ningbo 315040，China）

Abstract: The method was developed to determine paclobutrazol residue in cabbages and cucumbers. Samples were extracted by acetonitrile， and further cleaned-up by florisil solid phase extraction cartridge， retention time and specific ions were used to identify paclobutrazol. The selected fragments were m/z 125， 167， 236 respectively. Within the range of 0.050~1.0 mg/L， the calibration curve of paclobutrazol was linear with the correlation coefficient 0.9998. In different concentrations of 0.040 mg/kg， 0.10 mg/kg and 0.50 mg/kg， the average recoveries were in the range of 89.04%~99.77%， the coefficient of variation was in the range of 2.57%~7.51%， and the limit of detection （LOD） defined in terms of 3 times noise was 0.01 mg/kg. The results showed the method was suitable for the determination of paclobutrazol in vegetables.

Key words: paclobutrazol； GC/MS； cabbage； cucumber； vegetable； residue

18. 抗干扰漏氧检测报警仪设计
夏远飞， 吕孟军
（空军第一航空学院，河南 信阳 464000）

摘 要：为克服当前飞机氧气系统气密性检测灵敏度低、可靠性差、对机载氧气设备损害大等问题，综合运用数字信号处理、数学建模理论、单片计算机等技术，构建了基于微控制器和实时操作系统的通用型抗干扰漏氧检测报警仪。试用表明，检测系统具有检测精度高、抗干扰能力强、实时性好、判断漏氧故障部位准确、操作简便、仪器便携等优点,具有广阔的应用前景。

关键词：抗干扰；漏氧检测报警仪；信号处理；数学建模
中图分类号：V245.3+1；TP206+.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0060-03

Design of anti-jamming oxygen leak test and alarm instrument
XIA Yuan-fei， L?譈 Meng-jun
（The First Aeronautical College of Air Force，Xinyang 464000，China）

Abstract: In order to overcome the disadvantages of low sensitivity and reliability of current apparatus in airtightness testing for aircraft oxygen system， several techniques including digital signal process， mathematic modeling theory and SCM application were used to construct a new universal oxygen leakage test and alarm instrument. The system was developed based on a micro processor and can be manipulated in real-time. Experiment results indicated that the system possessed many advantages such as good precision and anti-interference capability， maneuverability and portability， making it a promising tool for practical testing.

Key words: anti-jamming； oxygen leak test and alarm instrument； digital signal process； modeling

19. 一种基于天文方位角陀螺经纬仪测量装置
魏 纯1， 霍保华2， 贾乾磊1， 田保明2
（1. 广州市计量检测技术研究院，广东 广州 510030； 2. 国家测绘局第一大地测量队，陕西 西安 710054）

摘 要：为解决陀螺经纬仪检定校准溯源及性能评价的问题，利用天文测量获得的高精度天文方位角作为参考标准，研究设计了一种陀螺经纬仪测量装置，可以对陀螺经纬仪的一次定向中误差、仪器常数进行测量及评价。经长期实验及测量表明，该装置具有结构简单、占地面积小、数据稳定、可操作性好、实验人员少等优点，具有一定的推广应用前景。

关键词：陀螺经纬仪；校准/检定；天文方位角；一次定向中误差；仪器常数
中图分类号：TH763.1；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0063-03

Device for measuring gyrotheodolite based on astronomical azimuth angle
WEI Chun1， HUO Bao-hua2， JIA Qian-lei1， TIAN Bao-ming2
（1. Guangzhou Institute of Measuring and Testing Technology，Guangzhou 510030，China；
2. The First Geodetic Surveying Brigade of SBSM，Xi’an 710054，China）

Abstract: To solve the problems of calibration and/or verification traceability and performance evaluation， a new gyrotheodolite measurement device was designed with the high-precision astronomical azimuth angle from astronomical measurements as reference standard. The device can measure and evaluate the orientation error and instrument constant. The long-term experiments and measurements show that the device has some characteristics such as simple structure， small footprint， stable data， excellent operability， few-personnel need， and so on. Thus the device has a certain prospect of popularization and application.

Key words: gyrotheodolite； calibration and/or verification； astronomical azimuth angle； orientation error； instrument constant

20. 基于组态技术的测控软件开发及测试
韩 立1， 尹爱军2
（1. 中国土地勘测规划院，北京 100035； 2. 重庆大学机械学院，重庆 400044）

摘 要：以电站综合自动测控系统为对象，研究了基于组态技术的综合测控系统，详细论述了系统的基本软件结构、基本数据库属性和数据结构定义、基于组态技术的绘图模块及组态通信模块等内容。采用标准化的软件测试技术设计了组态系统的软件正交测试模块，该技术具有二次开发简便、开发周期短、通用性强等特点。

关键词：组态软件技术；测控系统；软件测试
中图分类号：TP212；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0066-04

Development and testing of measurement and control software system
based on configuration technology
HAN Li1， YIN Ai-jun2
（1. China Land Surveying & Planning Institute，Beijing 100035，China； 2. College of Mechanical Engineering，Chongqing University，Chongqing 400044，China）

Abstract: The integrated measurement and control system based on configuration software technology was carried out. The system configuration of software， the property of database system， data structures， graphics module and communication module based on configuration technology were thoroughly illustrated. Orthogonal software test module was designed with typical software testing technology. The time need for the development cycle of the technology is short and its secondary development is feasible. In addition， the compatibility of the system is very good.

Key words: configuration software technology； measurement and control system； software testing

21. 基于AMESim仿真的CNG发动机燃料喷射策略研究
陈 飞， 彭忆强， 马永富
（西华大学交通与汽车工程学院，四川 成都 610039）

摘 要：建立了压缩天然气发动机电控系统的AMESim/Simulink联合仿真模型，对基于开关式氧传感器和基于宽域氧传感器（UEGO）的燃料控制策略在电控喷射系统中的应用进行深入研究。详细的阐述了模型建立的过程,并进行了仿真，通过仿真得到了压缩天然气发动机输出结果，同时通过对这些输出结果的分析,阐释了对不同氧传感器所采用的策略在电控喷射控制中所取得的控制效果是不同的。分析结果显示，利用AMESim和Simulink联合仿真能够实现物理模型和控制算法的良好结合，使控制算法的研究得到更具意义的结果。

关键词：CNG发动机；AMESim/Simulink联合仿真；电控喷射系统；控制策略；发动机模型

中图分类号：U464.174；TP391.9 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0070-04

Control methods study for CNG engine injection based on AMESim
CHEN Fei， PENG Yi-qiang， MA Yong-fu
（School of Transportation and Automotive Engineering，Xihua University，Chengdu 610039，China）

Abstract: The AMESim/Simulink simulation model was set up for the compressed natural gas（CNG） engine electronic control system， and the controlling methods were deeply studied for switching oxide sensors or UEGO in CNG engine injection. The modeling process was introduced in detail， the simulation was carried out for CNG engine with the model， and the simulation results were analyzed. When the switching oxide senor and the UEGO were different， the results were different too. At the same time， AMESim/Simulink simulation could well connect the physical model with controlling methods， which makes the research of control algorithm get more significant results.
Key words: CNG-engine； AMESim/Simulin co-simulation； injection system； controlling method； engine model

22. 基于遗传算法支持向量机的虚拟仪器动态补偿
马 超， 李世平， 张 进
（第二炮兵工程学院，陕西 西安 710025）

摘 要：为了克服标准支持向量机参数选取受人为因素影响的不足，从而提高虚拟仪器动态误差补偿的精度，在支持向量机原理的基础上，利用遗传算法的自动寻优功能，以虚拟仪器采集到的数据为输入参数，建立了支持向量机的优化模型，并给出了遗传算法具体优化步骤。通过动态误差补偿实例的计算结果表明，给出的优化模型较标准支持向量机模型的补偿效果更加明显，并且具有良好的可靠性和稳定性。

关键词：支持向量机；遗传算法；虚拟仪器；动态补偿
中图分类号：O159；TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0074-03

Dynamic compensation method for virtual instruments based on genetic
algorithms-support vector machines
MA Chao， LI Shi-ping， ZHANG Jin
（The Second Artillery Engineering College，Xi’an 710025，China）

Abstract: In order to overcome the lack of standard support vector machine（SVM）， that is， the parameter selection of the standard SVM is affected by the operator， and to improve the precision of dynamic compensation of virtual instruments（VI）， the optimized model of SVM has been established on the theoretic basis of SVM， which used the auto optimization of genetic algorithms and the data are collected by virtual instruments（VI）. And the idiographic optimize process of the genetic algorithms is also described. The result of dynamic compensation example proved that the compensation effect of the optimized model was more evidence than the standard SVM， and it had the favorable dependability and stability.

Key words: support vector machines（SVM）； genetic algorithms（GA）； virtual instrument； dynamic compensation

23. 汽车制动试验台检定数据处理研究
白云川， 李树珉， 马 效， 陈成法， 但佳璧
（军事交通学院，天津 300161）

摘 要：通过对汽车制动试验台传统检定方法的研究，设计了设备检定系统，完成了制动试验台的静态、动态和在线检定，实现了自动化检定。由于现场干扰多、误差较大，系统采用了数字滤波法对检定数据进行处理。通过研究检定数据的特点，选用了未确知有理数滤波算法，有效地提高了检定的准确度，实现精确检定。

关键词：汽车制动试验台；检定；数字滤波；未确知有理数滤波
中图分类号：U467.5+2；TP274 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0077-04

Research on verification data processing for auto braking test machines
BAI Yun-chuan， LI Shu-min， MA Xiao， CHEN Cheng-fa， DAN Jia-bi
（Military Traffic Institute，Tianjin 300161，China）

Abstract: In this paper， traditional verification methods for auto braking test machines were studied. On this basis， a new system that can realize static， dynamic and online auto-verification was designed. Because there is much noise， which causes larger error in the working field， a digital data-filtering method was used to process the verification data. By studying the characteristic of the data， the unascertained rational number filtering method was eventually selected， which can improve the verification accuracy effectively and realize accurate verification.

Key words: auto braking test machine； verification； data filtering； unascertained rational number filtering

24. KAM-500数据采集及遥测系统研究
郭小波
（中航工业沈飞民机公司，辽宁 沈阳 110850）

摘 要：为达到飞机飞行测试参数多、精度高的目的，提高试飞效率，缩短试飞周期，通过研究KAM-500数据采集系统和遥测系统的组成、特性及在飞机试飞工作中的应用，提出将遥测系统测得的飞机试验数据发送到地面进行记录、显示、监控及数据处理的方法。飞机飞行表明，使用该方法后获得了理想的效果，既获得了大量精确的原始数据，又保证了飞机试飞安全。

关键词：采集器；遥测；地面站；频分制；时分制
中图分类号：V271；TP274.+2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0081-04

Research of KAM-500 data collection and telemetry system
GUO Xiao-bo
(Avic Sac Commercial Aircraft Company Ltd.Office，Shenyang 110850，China）

Abstract: In order to achieve aircraft flight tests with high volume of parameters and precision， thus improve the efficiency of flight test and reduce test flight cycle， researches had been conducted on KAM-500 data collection and telemetry system with regard to its constitution， properties and application during flight test activities. A method was proposed to record， display， monitor and process the aircraft test data acquired from telemetry system and transmitted to ground. Aircraft flights test demonstrated that the method not only provided large volumes of accurate original data， but also guaranteed the safety of aircraft flight test.

Key words: collector； telemetry； ground station； frequency division type； time division type

25. 一种开放式仪器自动测试标定系统
冯秋平， 方 强
（广东省计量科学研究院，广东 广州 510405）

摘 要：针对自动测试系统数量不断增加但大多数不能共享测试平台的状况，提出了为不同类型测试系统建立开放式通用测试平台的构思，通过封闭式自动测试系统和开放式自动测试系统的对比，规划了开放式测试系统必须具备的功能和对应模块，进而根据实际需要实现了一种开放式的自动测试标定系统。实践证明，该系统在校准工作中达到了很好的效果，系统设计是合理可行的。

关键词：自动测试系统；测试平台；封闭式测试系统；开放式测试系统
中图分类号：TP274+.2；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0085-04

An open automatic instrument test and calibration system
FEGN Qiu-ping， FANG Qiang
（Guangdong Institute of Metrology，Guangzhou 510405，China）

Abstract: An open automatic test system was designed to overcome the conflict that the number of automatic testing systems is increasing but most of them cannot share the test platform. Modules and their functions of the open automatic test system were designed after the comparison of closed and open test systems. Then an open automatic test and calibration system was implemented and the modules for the automatic loading of testing programm and documents management were described， including their mechanism and interfaces.

Key words: automatic test system； test platform； closed test system； open test system

26. 基于ARM数据采集系统的设计
刘 锐， 王 林
（汽车工艺与材料技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）

摘 要：为了实现快速有效的数据采集和数模转换，采用PHILIPS公司ARM7TDMI-S核的LPC2138为控制处理核心的数据采集系统的软硬件设计，实现了系统硬件部多模块的独立设计。系统采用LPC2138自带的ADC进行A/D转换，采集到的数据直接通过串行口发送到PC机上，操作更加简便、快捷、直观、精确。系统软件在ADS1.2编译环境下完成，采用C语言与汇编语言混合编程，充分利用了不同语言的优点。系统采用ARM微处理器，有体积小、低功耗、高性能等优点，具有广泛的应用前景。

关键词：LPC2138；数据采集系统；A/D转换；ARM微处理器
中图分类号：TP21；TP274+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0089-04

Design of data acquisition system based on ARM
LIU Rui， WANG Lin
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）

Abstract: With the rapid development of digital technology， digital equipment has become a mainstream component for observation instruments， thus data acquisition has also become a very important observation techniques of technical aspects. In order to achieve fast and efficient data collection and modeling conversion，the hardware and software for data acquisition system was designed using LPC2138 with a ARM7TDMI-S core， produced by PHILIPS， as controlling center. The hardwires in the system were designed as multiple independent modules. The ADC system in LPC2138 is used for A/D conversion and the data collected were send to the PC directly through the serial port， making the operation easier， faster， more intuitive and precise. System software was compiled in ADS1.2 using mixed C and assembly language programming， making full use of the advantages of different languages. The system uses the ARM microprocessor， which has the advantages of small size， low power， high-performance， and is quite promising in numerous applications.

Key words: LPC2138； data acquisition system； A/D conversion； ARM microprocessor

27. 基于图像处理的人民币碎片匹配定位
庄俊东
（上海交通大学，上海 200240）

摘 要：提出一种人民币碎片图像在基准图中匹配定位的方法。比较了基于灰度互相关法和基于Radon变换法两种不同的方法，并确定用基于灰度互相关法来获得碎片图像相对于基准图的旋转角度。基于灰度互相关法是将基准图在0°～360°间旋转，在每一度上获得碎片图和基准图的最大互相关系数，所有位置中的最大互相关系数所对应的旋转角度即为碎片图相对于基准图的旋转角度。探讨了获得最佳匹配旋转角度的最优搜索方法，在此基础上得到一种有实用价值的碎片图像匹配定位方法，可获得碎片图在基准图上的正确位置。

关键词：图像处理；图像匹配；互相关；最优搜索；旋转角
中图分类号：F822；TP252 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）04-0093-04

RMB fragment registration based on image processing
ZHUANG Jun-dong
（Shanghai Jiaotong University，Shanghai 200240，China）

Abstract: A kind of technique has been introduced for RMB fragment registration. Firstly， it compared two different methods about how to get the rotation angle value between the fragment and the reference image. One method is intensity-based correlation and another is Radon-based transforms. And finally the method of intensity-based correlation was adopted. The method of intensity-bawd correlation is related as follows： the reference image rotated 1° every time from 0° to 360°， at each position the RMB fragmentand the rotated reference image would have one maximum cross correlation coefficient， and there would have 360 coefficient values in total. Then the final maximum value in these 360 coefficient values should be picked out. This final maximum value was associated with a certain rotation angle value of the reference image. That rotation angle value was exactly the rotation angle value between the fragment and the reference image. Next， the ways of getting the rotation angle value were discussed by using optimal search theory. At last， a useful technique was obtained for fragment image matching. This technique can be used to find the correct fragment position in the reference image.

Key words: image processing； image registration； cross correlation； optimal search； rotation angle