无损探伤

1. 基于DSP的冲压材料成型控制规律的研究 田晓强， 易建军， 陈昌明， 唐斌红
（华东理工大学机械与动力工程学院，上海 200237）

摘 要：根据伺服冲床的功能要求与技术指标，以基于DSP的最小系统为开发平台，对伺服冲床冲压材料成型控制规律的一般方法进行研究。依据不同材料的冲压特性，借助于Matlab中Simulink工具及Target for TI C2000工具进行系统建模与仿真，包括算法模型的设计、DSP控制器的模型设计以及被控对象的模型设计，并对系统进行仿真分析，以此来设计具有精度高、响应迅速、运转稳定及满足特定加工要求的控制系统。该种方法可缩短开发时间，降低开发成本，使整个开发过程明晰化。

关键词：伺服冲床；Matlab/Simulink软件；成型控制规律；系统建模；DSP控制器
中图分类号：TG385.1；TP273 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0001-05

Research on forming and control laws of press materials based on DSP
TIAN Xiao-qiang， YI Jian-jun， CHEN Chang-ming， TANG Bin-hong
（School of Mechanical and Dynamical Engineering，East China University of Science and Technology，Shanghai 200237，China）
Abstract: According to the functional requirements and technical indicators of the servo press， and DSP-based platform for the development of minimum system， the general approach， forming and control law is studied for stamping press materials. According to the different press material properties， system modeling and simulation are built with Simulink tools of Matlab and Target for TI C2000 tools， including the design of algorithm， DSP controller and object model. The system simulation also was analyzed. Through which， the control system was expected to be high precision， fast response， and stable operation. Thus it can meet the requirements of the particular process. Such an approach can reduce development time and costs， clarity the entire development process.

Key words: Servo press； Matlab/Simulink； Shaping law； System modeling； DSP

2. 微小齿轮整体误差精密测量新技术
冯 刚1， 谢华锟1， 叶 勇1， 傅 英1， 涂小龙1， 丁 华2， 陈政伟2， 黄文亮3
（1. 成都工具研究所，四川 成都 610051； 2. 成都成量工具集团有限公司，四川 成都 610503；
3. 马波斯（上海）商贸有限公司， 上海 200233）
摘 要：提出一种差动式啮合滚动点扫描微小齿轮测量新技术。即在测量时采用双向传动测量方式，同时被测微小齿轮和精密测量元件仍然必须保持单面啮合滚动，但是允许被测微小齿轮的圆周位置值可以相对于轴系圆光栅的圆周位置值有差值地变动。检测出该相对角位移差值（即“差动测量”），经数据处理后，得到微小齿轮的整体误差，最终实现批量微小齿轮单项几何精度和综合传动精度的测量。

关键词：小齿轮；齿轮测量；齿轮仪器；单面啮合测量；齿轮整体误差
中图分类号：TG86；TG806 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0006-05

New technique for precise measurement of fine-pitch involute gear integrated errors
FENG Gang1， XIE Hua-kun1， YE Yong1， FU Ying1， TU Xiao-long1， DING Hua2， CHEN Zheng-wei2， HUANG Wen-liang3
（1. Chengdu Tool Research Institute，Chengdu 610051，China； 2. Chengdu Chengliang Tools Co.Ltd，Chengdu 610503，China；
3. MARPOSS （Shanghai） Trading Co.Ltd，Shanghai 200233，China）
Abstract: A new gear measuring technique called “Differential Single Flank Point Roll-Scanning” was proposed. During the measurement， the target fine-pitch gear and master gear are driven synchronously by two NC motors respectively， but are kept rolling with single-flank contacted. A differential variation of the circumference location between the measured gear and the angular encoder fixed co-axially is allowed. By measuring the differential variation， the gear integrated errors of fine-pitch gear can be obtained. Using gear integrated errors， elementary geometrical errors and composite transmission errors of the fine-pitch gears can be measured in batch.

Key words: Fine-pitch gear； Gear measurement； Gear instruments； Single-flank testing； Gear integrated error

3. CNG储气井井筒腐蚀的漏磁检测探索 张海锭， 苏真伟， 林仙土， 李海鹏
（四川大学制造科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610065）

摘 要：为了对CNG储气井安全隐患进行有效检测，根据漏磁检测原理，应用ANSYS对CNG储气井井筒漏磁磁场分布进行模拟。仿真结果表明，在合适的磁化参数下可以有效地检测出腐蚀状况。在此基础上，采用交变磁化方式，以锰锌铁氧体作为磁化材料，用霍尔元件阵列检测漏磁信号，加以计算机组成漏磁检测系统。实验结果表明，该系统能够检测出井筒的缺陷，但是精度还需进一步提高。

关键词：漏磁检测；缺陷检测；交变磁化；磁场模拟；CNG储气井
中图分类号：TE357.8；TG115.27+2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0011-04

Study on magnetic flux leakage test of CNG wells
ZHANG Hai-ding， SU Zhen-wei， LIN Xian-tu， LI Hai-peng
（School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）

Abstract: In order to detect the potential defects of CNG wells effectively， ANSYS is used to simulate the Magnetic Flux Leakage（MFL） field of CNG wells according to MFL testing principle. The simulation results showed that the corrosion defects can be tested effectively if the parameters of magnetization are selected properly. Based on the simulation results， a MFL testing device was designed. According to the method of alternative magnetic flux leakage test， Mn-Zn ferrite was used as magnetic material and an array of Hall elements was used to detect MFL signal， and a computer was used to analyze the signal. The experimental results showed that the measurement system can detect the flaw of CNG wells. The next research is expected to improve the precision of the system.

Key words: Magnetic flux leakage test； Flaw detection； Alternative magnetization； Magnetic field simulation； CNG well

4. 随钻测量中工具面角的模拟解算 周云凤1， 程为彬1， 陈世琳1，2
（1. 西安石油大学电子工程学院，陕西 西安 710065； 2. 青海油田采油三厂，青海 茫崖 816400）

摘 要：针对井眼轨迹的测量问题，根据测量仪器的输出信号与钻具姿态信息存在一定的三角函数关系，提出了一种工具面角模拟解算方法。分析了工具面角数字计算方法及其误差，基于模拟函数发生器构造了一种新颖的反正切函数求解电路，可以直接获取工具面角。对不同井斜角和工具面角的情况下进行了试验测试，数据分析表明，该方法可行，并具有较高的精度，可用于快速的姿态参数解算。

关键词：随钻测量；工具面角；模拟解算；加速度计；井眼轨迹
中图分类号：TE258.3；TP274.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0015-04

Analog solving of tool-face angle for measurement while drilling
ZHOU Yun-feng1， CHENG Wei-bin1， CHEN Shi-lin1，2
（1. School of Electronic Engineering，Xi’an Shiyou University，Xi’an 710065，China；
2. No.3 Oil Production Plant，Mangya 816400，China）

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of measuring the well trajectory， an analog-solving method of tool-face angle was proposed according to the trigonometric function relationship between the output signal of measuring instruments and the attitude information of drilling tool. With the method， the digital calculation method of tool-face angle and the measurement errors were analyzed. Based on the analog function generator， a novel solving circuit of arctangent function was constructed， by which the tool-face angle can be directly accessed. Experimental testing data showed that the method is applicable for different well-inclination and tool-face angle with high-precision， thus it can be used for rapid estimation of gesture parameter.

Key words: Measurement while drilling； Tool face angle； Analog solving； Accelerometer； Well trajectory

5. 基于压电动态信息的便携式阻抗测量系统设计 侯旭东， 张 兢， 吕和胜
（重庆理工大学电子信息与自动化学院，重庆 400050）

摘 要：为解决对大型基础设施微小损伤检测所使用的阻抗分析仪昂贵且不便于携带的问题,采用基于压电阻抗的结构健康诊断技术，检测附着于结构表面的压电材料的阻抗，设计开发出一种便携式的小型阻抗测量系统。通过对机械结构中螺栓松动的情况反复实验，证明此便携式阻抗测量系统的精确度与目前商用的多用途阻抗分析仪相差无几，不但可以对机械结构进行实时在线损伤检测，而且对于微小损伤的检测也非常有效。

关键词：结构健康诊断；压电陶瓷；阻抗响应；便携式系统；螺栓松动
中图分类号：TN712+.5；TM934.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0019-04

Design of an portable system for impedance measurement based on piezoelectric ceramics dynamic information HOU Xu-dong， ZHANG Jing， Lv He-sheng
（School of Electronics and Automation，Chongqing University of Technology，Chongqing 400050，China）

Abstract: Small damage detection of major infrastructure projects usually need high-impedance analyzers to complete. The price of the analyzer is very expensive， and not easy to carry. A field-portable small-size impedance measurement system was developed for structural health monitoring， which is based on testing the impedance of the piezoelectric material attached to structure surface. The authors present some experimental results for testing the torque loose in the bolt for a truss structure. The results indicate that an accuracy of the impedance measurement system proposed is almost as accurate as the commercial multipurpose impedance analyzer， and it could be used on the structures for health monitoring.

Key words: Structural health monitoring； Piezoelectric ceramic； Impedance response； Field-portable system； Looseness of bolts

6. GPS航向与姿态测量系统定点测试分析 叶 松， 王晓蕾， 周树道， 慕新仓
（解放军理工大学气象学院，江苏 南京 211101）

摘 要：为了将GPS航向与姿态测量系统有效地应用于舰船的姿态测量领域，根据GPS航向与姿态测量系统的特点，设计并开展了针对Beeline系统的定点测量实验，总结归纳了其在定点使用中的特性，指出了在自主开发GPS航向与姿态测量系统时应该注意的关键问题。测试结果表明，GPS航向与姿态测量系统测量精度高,利用GPS信号进行航向与姿态测量具有较为广阔的应用前景。

关键词：航向与姿态测量；测试分析；Beeline测量系统；GPS导航定位系统；误差
中图分类号：P228.4；TP274+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0023-04

Research on GPS attitude and heading system （beeline） station-keeping testing
YE Song， WANG Xiao-lei， ZHOU Shu-dao， MU Xin-cang
（School of Meteorology，PLA University of Science and Technology，Nanjing 211101，China）

Abstract: It is a new trend in measurement for using GPS-based heading attitude measurement method. Based on the particularity of GPS-based heading attitude measurement， a practicable scheme was given for station-keeping testing and through analysis of test data， the characteristics of the system were summarized and summed up for practical application to lay a solid foundation. Finally， learning from the success of the system， the key issues which attention should be given in the self-development were put forward. The results indicate the measuring accuracy of this system is high， and it has broader application prospects.

Key words: Attitude and heading measurement； Test and analysis； Beeline system； GPS； Error

7. 基于OpenCV的角铁中线检测方法 赵 霞1， 陆小龙1， 廖 明2
（1. 四川大学制造科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610065； 2. 四川航天计量测试研究所，四川 成都 610100）

摘 要：为了实现电磁吸附式铁塔攀爬机器人在攀爬过程中爪子准确对准角铁，使用USB摄像头采集爪子即将吸附的角铁图像，并在VB.net中利用OpenCV开源软件包中的Sobel算子和自编的程序实现自动提取灰度阈值并检测边缘，找到角铁两边缘的中线，进而判断爪子与角铁之间的位置关系，实现准确定位。简述了OpenCV在VB.net中的使用方法，并详细介绍了边缘检测和中线提取的方法。经过实验验证，该法基本可以完成检测，帮助电磁铁爪子稳固地吸附在角铁上。

关键词：OpenCV视觉函数库；VB.net语言；图像处理；Sobel算子；边缘检测
中图分类号：TN820.8+8；TP242.6 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0027-03

Method of middle line detection of angle iron based on OpenCV
ZHAO Xia1， LU Xiao-long1， LIAO Ming2
（1. School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China；
2. Sichuan Aerospace Measurement and Test Research Institute，Chengdu 610100，China）

Abstract: In order to make the electromagnetic-absorption tower climbing robot locate on the angle iron exactly when it climbs， The image of the angle iron， which absorbs the claws of the robot， was captured with an USB camera， and Sobel operator of OpenCV open source software package and the program in VB.net were used to find the gray threshold automatically and detect the edges of the angle iron. Using the middle line of the two edges found in the image， the distance between the claws and the angle iron can be judged. By this way， the claws of the robot can be accurately located on the angle iron. The usage of OpenCV in VB.net was brifly introduced， while the method of edge detection and the middle line extraction were introduced in detail. Experimental results showed that the method can perform the detection successfully.

Key words: OpenCV； VB.net； Image processing； Sobel operator； Edge detection

8. GPS定位在车载补偿电容测试系统中的应用 颜海英， 孔令富， 李 林
（燕山大学信息科学与工程学院，河北 秦皇岛 066004）

摘 要：针对便携式轨道电路参数测试仪在检测故障中发现存在效率低、工作量大等问题，设计了基于GPS全球卫星定位的新型车载补偿电容测试系统，主要论述了系统的总体设计及应用GPS的关键技术和实验分析。新系统能够提高补偿电容故障检测的效率，可以更快、更准地找到故障电容，提高了维护效率。

关键词：GPS全球卫星定位；轨道电路；补偿电容；故障定位；故障检测
中图分类号：U213.2+15；TP277 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0030-03

Application of GPS positioning to compensation capacitor on-board test system
YAN Hai-ying， KONG Ling-fu， LI Lin
（College of Information Science and Engineering，Yanshan University，Qinhuangdao 066004，China）

Abstract: Portable track circuit parameters tester is an effective detection tool of UM71 joint-less track circuit compensation capacitor fault， but the portable tester has some shortcomings such as low efficiency， heavy workload.. In order to overcome these deficiencies of portable tester， a new-vehicle compensation capacitor test system based on GPS global satellite positioning was studied; the overall design of the systems， the key technology of using GPS and the experimental analysis were discussed in detail. The new system can faster and more accurately find the faults of compensation capacitor， thus improve the efficiency for maintenance.

Key words: GPS； Track circuit； Compensation capacitor； Fault location； Fault detection

9. 小型锂离子电池检测技术研究 汤秀华1， 关为国1， 黄广轶1， 金 茜2， 薛天龙1
（1. 黑龙江省计量检定测试院，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150036； 2. 黑龙江牡丹江市计量检测中心，黑龙江 牡丹江 157000）

摘 要：按照国家标准规定，通过对锂离子电池充电性能、放电性能的检验可实现对电池性能的综合评价，为此，提出了采用先进的自动控制理论，以高性能单片机为核心，采用程控恒流恒压方式，通过特定负载对电池充电特性、放电特性、过充特性、过放特性、短路保护特性以及内阻进行检测，实现对电池性能的检验和评价。该方法操作简单、直观，使用方便，测量准确度高，适用于电池生产厂家及质检部门使用。

关键词：锂离子电池；检测；充电性能；放电性能；内阻；过充；过放
中图分类号：TM911.48；TP274+.4 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0033-03

Research on measuring technology of small-sized lithium ion cell
TANG Xiu-hua1， GUAN Wei-guo1， HUANG Guang-yi1， JIN Qian2， XUE Tian-long1
（1． Heilongjiang Provincial Institute of Measurement and Verification，Harbin 150036，China；
2． Mudanjiang Center of Measurement and Verification，Mudanjiang 157000，China）

Abstract: According to the regulation of China， evaluation of lithium ion cell characteristics is based on the measurement of charge and discharge characteristics. The paper proposed a new method for measuring and evaluing the characteristics of lithium ion cells. Based on advanced auto-control theory， high quality micro-processor was used to measure the charge characteristics， discharge characteristics， overcharge characteristics， over-discharge characteristics， short circuit protection characteristics and internal impedance. The method is simple， convenient and easy to inspect， making it a promising way for quality control in factory and supervision department.

Key words: Lithium ion cell； Measuring；charge characteristics； Discharge characteristics； Internal impedance；Overcharge characteristics； Over-discharge characteristics

10. 点火正时仪测试方法研究探讨 林飞振， 钟文斌
（广州市计量检测技术研究院，广东 广州 510030）

摘 要：为了保证点火正时仪测试量值的准确和统一，对点火正时仪测试方法进行研究和探讨，并研制出使用精密的集成电路和建立模拟发动机点火控制的标准测试装置，解决目前无法使用高一级标准器对其进行测试的问题。通过标准测试装置对点火正时仪进行测试，并对测试数据进行分析和比对，得出测试方法和结果能满足对点火正时仪测试要求的结论，这是一种新型的测试点火正时仪的标准装置和方法。

关键词：点火正时仪；测试方法；装置研制；发动机点火
中图分类号：U464.337+.2；TM930.12 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0036-04

Study on testing method for ignition timing instrument LIN Fei-zhen， ZHONG Wen-bin
（Guangzhou Institute of Measurement and Testing，Guangzhou 510030，China）

Abstract: To insure the accuracy and unity of testing values for ignition timing instrument， the testing methods for ignition timing instrument were studied and discussed， based on which a novel standard measuring equipment， which can imitate the engine ignition was developed. The results indicate that the developed system can meet the testing requirements for ignition timing instrument. In addition， the problem that the value can’t be traced back to the source was also solved.

Key words: Ignition timing instrument； Test method； Instrument developing； Engine ignition

11. 测量基准与设计基准不重合时测量结果的判定 林晓华
（福建省中心检验所，福建 福州 350002）

摘 要：在机械零件加工过程中，为了保证零件使用性能所应具备的加工精度，各工序应优先采用基准重合原则。但在实际加工过程中，由于生产类型、零件结构等因素的影响，导致无法按照基准重合原则进行测量。通常工艺人员是应用建立工艺尺寸链的原理采用完全互换法（极值法）进行工序尺寸换算，零件在工序间按照换算后得出的测量尺寸进行测量，这将导致测量结果的误判。为了避免误判现象的发生，以柴油机气缸盖的螺栓底孔底面到设计基准的距离尺寸为例，剖析了测量结果误判的原因，提出了避免误判的方法。

关键词：机械制造工艺；测量结果误判；完全互换法；尺寸换算；避免误判的方法
中图分类号：TH13；TM930.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0040-04

Identification of measurement results when measurement benchmarks do not coincide with design bases LIN Xiao-hua
（Fujian Provincial Central Inspection Institute，Fuzhou 350002，China）

Abstract: To ensure the machining accuracy in the course of processing machine parts， the base coincide principle （BCP） should be primarily considered for results identification. In the actual processing， however， many parameters， for examples the product type and the structure difference of the parts， can affect the measurements， thus the measurement can not be processed sometimes based on BCP. This problem is generally overcome by using process dimension-chain swap method（extreme value method） for size conversion， and the machine part are measured using the calculated dimensions after conversion， which would lead to misjudgment for the measurement results. In order to avoid this phenomenon，， with the measurement of the distance from the bottom to the designed size of the benchmark of the diesel engine cylinder head bolts as an example， the reasons leading to misjudgment were analyzed and a method preventing misjudgment of measurement results were proposed.

Key words: Machinery manufacturing process； Misjudgment of measurement results； Completely interchangeable method； Size conversion； Method for avoiding misjudgment

12. 不锈钢超高洁净度检测工作平台的建立 韵巧云1， 王 毅2
（1. 兰州真空设备有限责任公司，甘肃 兰州 730050； 2. 中油二建仪表分公司，甘肃 兰州 730060）

摘 要：鉴于低温超流氦工作系统的实际需要，在国内首次建立起了不锈钢材料表面（超）高洁净度检测系统。探索和提出对重要主辅材料的纯化和循环使用简便实用的工艺和方法，克服了国产检测介质和辅助材料的不纯带来的困难，完成了国家重大国际合作项目不锈钢组、零件表面洁净度的检测任务，为今后我国不锈钢材料表面（超）高洁净度检测工作提供了有益的经验。

关键词：不锈钢表面；洁净度检测；清洗介质；检测系统
中图分类号：TG142.7；TN108.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0044-03

Establish platform for detecting high-cleanliness of stainless steel YUN Qiao-yun1， WANG Yi2
（1.Lanzhou Vacuum Equipment Co.，Ltd.，Lanzhou 730050，China；
2.Instrument Company For Petroleum of China，Lanzhou 730060，China）

Abstract: Due to the actual requirement in the cryogenic superfluid helium working system， for the first time in China， one（ultra） high cleanliness detection system has been built up the for the surface of stainless steel materials. Simple and practical technologies plus methods has been investigated and proposed for purifying and recycling significant main and auxiliary materials， difficulties resulted by impure domestic detecting medium and auxiliary materials are conquered， and cleanliness detection task for the surface of stainless steel group and parts in major international joint research project are implemented successfully， which supply helpful experience for （ultra） high cleanliness detection work for the surface of stainless steel material and can be offered as reference.

Key words: Surface of stainless steel； Cleanliness detection； Medium cleaning； Detection system

13. 直流电子负载的系统快速校准 胡彩莉， 黄姣娜
（信息产业部电子第五研究所赛宝计量检测中心，广东 广州 510610）

摘 要：针对直流电子负载的计量规范要求其检测项目繁多，在实验和计量测试中额定功率下的高电压大电流检测不容易等问题。根据综合自动测试原理，结合直流电子负载的工作响应状况，介绍一种实用的直流电子负载的电压表、电流表、电压设置值和电流设置值的快捷安全的校准方法。通过实验表明，整个系统测试工作安全可靠，能保证在良好的测量精确度下达到快速高效的目的。

关键词：直流电子负载；校准；恒定电压；恒定电流；连接方法
中图分类号：TN303；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0047-02

Rapid calibration of DC electronic load system HU Cai-li， HUANG Jiao-na
（Saibao Metrology and Test Center of the Fifth Electron Institute，Information Industry Department，Guangzhou 510610，China）

Abstract: The calibration criterion for DC electronic load is tedious; in addition， the measurement of high voltage and current existing in rated power is difficult to be carried out in the experiments or calibration. According to the principle of integrated automatic measurement and the working response of DC electronic load， a new rapid and safe calibration method is introduced for the calibration of voltage meter， current meter， voltage setting value， current setting value， etc. The experimental results indicate the whole system can realize efficient and precise measurement with good safety and reliability.

Key words: DC electronic load； Calibrate； Constant voltage（CV）； Constant current（CC）； Connection method

14. 微波消解在茶叶和土壤中营养元素分析的应用
谭和平， 高 杨， 吕 昊， 张玉兰， 陈能武， 唐 宇， 王晓玲
（无损探伤技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）

摘 要：采用微波消解法对茶叶和土壤样品进行处理，以ICP-AES测定了茶叶和土壤中十几种人体必需的营养元素，完善了微波消解技术的应用体系，回收率95.6%～104.3%，相对标准偏差为0.2%～7.5%，并与电热板消解法做了准确度、精密度、回收率比较。实验证明微波消解法精密度和稳定性更好，具有简便快速、污染少、试剂用量少等优点，能够完全满足土壤、茶叶中无机营养元素消解的要求。

关键词：微波消解；电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪；营养元素；茶叶；土壤
中图分类号：TS272；TN61 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0049-04

Application of microwave digestion in nutritional elements analysis for tea and soil
TAN He-ping， GAO Yang， L?譈 Hao， ZHANG Yu-lan， CHEN Neng-wu， TANG Yu， WANG Xiao-ling
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）

Abstract: More than ten kinds of essential nutritious elements in tea and soil were determined by ICP-AES after digesting the samples with microwave， and the application database of microwave digestion was renewed. The rate of recovery was between 95.6%～104.3%， RSD was from 0.2% to 7.5%. Furthermore， the microwave digestion was compared with electric heating plate digestion in the accuracy， precision and recoveries of the method. It was demonstrated that microwave digestion is rapid with good precision and accuracy， and it is celerity， low pollution， little reagent etc. The method can satisfy the pre-treatment requirements of nutrient elements analysis for tea and soil.

Key words: Microwave digestion； ICP-AES； Nutrient elements； Tea； Soil

15. QuEChERS/GC测定蔬菜中24种有机磷农药残留 潘守奇， 孙 军， 董 静， 吕建霞， 马小洁
（潍坊出入境检验检疫局，山东 潍坊 261041）

摘 要：对QuEChERS农药多残留同时分析方法进行了样品提取及净化方面的改进，建立了蔬菜中24种有机磷类农药残留QuEChERS/GC同时分析的方法。样品用0.1%醋酸的乙腈提取，净化采用分散固相萃取的方式，采用DB-1701（30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm）毛细管柱分离，FPD（P）检测。24种农药的浓度范围在0.002～0.05 mg/kg时，回收率在79%～103.5%之间，RSD为1.1%～5.6%。各农药的检测限：苯硫磷为0.01 mg/kg，三硫磷、三唑磷为0.004 mg/kg，其他21种为0.002 mg/kg。该方法步骤简单，消耗费用低，净化效果好，具有良好的灵敏度、回收率和重现性。

关键词：QuEChER方法；农药残留；分散固相萃取
中图分类号：S63；TQ450.7 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0053-04

Determining 24 organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetable with QuEChERS/GC
PAN Shou-qi， SUN Jun， DONG Jing， Lv Jian-xia， MA Xiao-jie
（Weifang Entry and Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau，Weifang 261041，China）

Abstract: For improving extraction and purification of vegetable’s multiple pesticide residues in QuEChERS method， a gas chromatography method has been developed for determining 24 organophosphorus pesticide residues in vegetable. The pesticide residues were extracted from sample with 0.1% acetic acid in acetonitrile， separated by capillary column DB-1701（30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm） and detected by FPD（P）. In the range of 0.002~0.05 mg/kg， recoveries （n=6） are 79%~103.5%， and RSD are 1.1%~5.6%. The limits of EPN are 0.01 mg/kg， carbophenothion and triazophos are 0.004 mg/kg， and other 21 pesticides are 0.002 mg/kg. The method is very easy to operate， cheap for cost， excellent for purification， and has the advantages of good recovery， repeatability， and sensitivity.

Key words: QuEChER； Pesticide residue； Dispersive solid-phase extraction

16. 基于MSP430单片机的ρ值测试仪设计与应用 喻旭东1，2， 滕召胜2
（1. 益阳市计量测试检定所，湖南 益阳 413000； ２. 湖南大学电气与信息工程学院，湖南 长沙410082）

摘 要：针对时间比例调节仪表的时间比值ρ测量过程中需人工控制，准确度低的情况，采用TI公司生产的单片机MSP430F449最小系统设计并实现了一种结构简单检测迅速的ρ值测试仪。介绍了ρ值测试的原理，重点讨论了仪器的硬件结构和软件实现流程，仪器由单片机最小系统、时钟模块、人机接口模块、通信电路等组成。通过实验测量表明，系统测量工作可靠,有良好的测量准确度。

关键词：测试计量仪器；ρ值测试仪；嵌入式系统；MSP430单片机；DS1302芯片
中图分类号：TM935.1；TP274 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0057-03

Design and application of instruments for time-ratio value ρ based on MSP430
YU Xu-dong1，2， TENG Zhao-sheng2
（1. Yiyang Institute of Measurement Testing and Examination，Yiyang 413000，China；
2. College of Electrical and Information Engineering，Hunan University，Changsha 410082，China）

Abstract: The measurement processing of the rate of time-ratio value ρ of the time proportional control instrument requires manual control with low precision. Aimed at this situation， a new type instrument of simple structure and rapid test for ρ value was designed and implemented using the minimum system based on MCU MSP430F449 produced by TI. This paper introduces the testing principle of ρ value and focuses on the hardware structure of instrument and the software flow chart. The instrument consists of a single chip microcomputer minimum system， the clock module， the man-machine interface module， the communication circuit and so on. The result shows that the operation of system measurement is reliable and of high accuracy with the experiment.

Key words: Test and measurement instrumentation； Instrumentation for the time-ratio value ρ； Embedded system； MSP430； DS1302

17. 光电高温计在使用中存在的问题及改进 宋学青
（云南省计量测试技术研究院，云南 昆明 650228）

摘 要：为了解决标准光电高温计在量值传递中存在的问题，通过在黑体炉的腔口前使用加装特制的高质量光阑的办法，来达到改进现有测量方法、消除量传偏差的目的，保证了标准光学高温计和标准光电高温计在辐射测温仪计量器具检定系统量值传递和溯源链中量值的一致性。

关键词：国家计量检定系统框图；黑体炉；标准光电高温计；量值传递；标准光学高温计
中图分类号：TH811.2；TM930.12 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0060-03

Problems and improvement of photoelectric pyrometer in use SONG Xue-qing
（Yunnan Institute of Metrology and Testing Technology，Kunming 650228，China）

Abstract: In order to solve the problems of standard photoelectric pyrometers existing in value transfer， an high-quality aperture was installed in the cavity mouth of blackbody furnace to improve the existing measurement methods and eliminate transfer deviation. Thus， the consistency between standard photoelectric pyrometers and the standard optical pyrometers in value transfer and traceability for radiation thermometer measuring instruments calibration can be guaranteed.

Key words: Block diagram of national measurement and verification system； Blackbody furnace； Standard photoelectric pyrometer； Value transfer; Standard optical pyrometer

18. 基于MSP430的直流电机PWM调速控制器设计 梅 莉， 叶晓燕
（新疆独山子克拉玛依职业技术学院电子电气工程系，新疆 独山子 833600）

摘 要：在他励直流电机的数学模型的基础上，得到了单反馈闭环控制的直流调速系统的结构。以MSP430为核心设计了直流调速系统的电机驱动和光电码盘反馈控制电路，研究了增量式PID控制算法和MSP430程序，实现了低成本的直流电机转速无静差控制方法。

关键词：脉宽调制；直流电机；控制器；PID控制算法
中图分类号：TM33；TN787+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0063-03

Design of MSP430-based PWM speed controller of DC motor MEI Li， YE Xiao-yan
（Department of Electronical & Electronical Engineering，Karamay Vocational & Technical College，Dushanzi 833600，China）

Abstract: Based on the mathematic model of separately excited DC motor， the control structure of the single-feedback-closed-loop controlled DC velocity modulation system was obtained. With MSP430 as controlling core， motor driven circuit and opto-electrical coder feedback-based controlling circuit of DC velocity modulation system were designed and the incremental PID algorithm and the velocity controlling program were investigated. Using the new design， a kind of DC motor velocity controlling method with feature of low cost and no static error was realized.

Key words: PWM； DC motor； Controller； PID

19. 一种确定被动式超高频RFID标签优选位置的方法 朱智源， 赵 健， 任 禾
（中国科学院自动化研究所综合信息系统研究中心，北京 100190）

摘 要：针对目前的RFID系统性能优化问题，提出了一种确定标签优选位置的测试方法，通过这种方式来优化被动式超高频RFID系统的应用性能.首先搭建了较为理想的测试环境,然后改变标签在货箱上的贴附位置，并对每一个贴附位置沿固定方向改变货箱与天线的相对距离，接着对每一个距离测试标签的读取率。通过这种实验方法，来研究标签不同的贴附位置的读取率随着货箱与天线之间距离的变化规律，进而得出一个确定RFID标签优选位置的一般性结论。该方法操作简单，实用性强，可以为RFID系统的优化提供指导性建议。

关键词：电子技术；优选位置；自动测试；射频识别；读取率；标签
中图分类号：TM931；TH816 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0066-04
Method for determining preferred location of passive UHF RFID tags
ZHU Zhi-yuan， ZHAO Jian， REN He
（Integrated Information Systems Research Center，Institute of Automation，Chinese Academy of Sciences，Beijing 100190，China）

Abstract: For performance optimization of a passive UHF RFID system， a test method that optimizes tag position is proposed. Firstly， a relative more ideal test environment has been built. And then， for each tag position attached on the container， change the distance between the container and the antenna along a fixed direction. After that， for each distance， test label read rates. In this way， the authors have studied the read rate trend with the change of distance between the antenna and container. And thus come to general conclusions to determine preferred locations of RFID tags. The experiment results show the method is easy and practical， and can provide good advices for deploying RFID systems.

Key words: Technology of electronics； Preferred location； Automatic test； RFID； Read rate； Tag

20. Access数据库在温度试验箱校准中的应用 熊朝晖
（中国工程物理研究院计量测试中心，四川 绵阳 621900）

摘 要：针对温度试验箱校准，提出了应用数据库访问技术解决多用户、多应用共享数据的方法，利用Access 数据库操作系统和Visual C++开发了校准软件，实现了客户信息管理、被测件信息管理、测量设备信息管理、计量人员管理、检定规程信息管理、校准证书信息管理、测量信息管理、测量结果信息管理、原始记录信息管理等功能。由数据采集器和便携式电脑通过RS-232接口组成的测量系统和该软件已成功应用于对环境温度试验箱、电子元器件老化试验箱等设备的校准。

关键词：校准；温度试验箱；信息管理；数据库；数据采集器；串行接口
中图分类号：TH811；TP274+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0070-03

Application of Access data-base in the calibration of temperature test chamber
XIONG Zhao-hui
（Metrology and Testing Center，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621900，China）

Abstract: In order to meet the needs of calibration for temperature test chamber， the technologies of Access DataBase and the program language Visual C++ were used to develop calibration software system. The system has many function modules， including the information management of client， management of units under test， management of measurement equipment， management of qualified inspectors， management of regulation for calibration， management of calibration certificate， management of measurement condition， management of measurement result and management of measurement raw data. At present the software and measurement system composed with notebook computer and data logger via RS-232 interface have been successfully applied in practice.

Key words: Calibration； Temperature test chamber； Information management； Data-base； Data acquisition device； Serial port

21. 航空电动绞车缠绕机构变张力控制系统 严 霜， 廖俊必， 林传华
（四川大学制造学院，四川 成都 610065）

摘 要：航空电动绞车主要用于极端条件下人员救援或物资运送，为保证安全工作，需加装钢缆缠绕机构张力控制系统。文中提出了一种基于绞车滚筒和张力轮速度差实现的实时变张力控制方案，主要介绍了单片机信号采集处理和电机驱动控制模块，重点解决了单片机PWM控制信号产生以及电机低速平稳性问题。实验证明，该系统可根据实时信号灵活控制张力有无及方向，具有结构简单、重量轻等特点，特别是对于高性能轻型起吊机有普遍意义。

关键词：航空电动绞车；变张力控制；直流力矩电机；PWM技术；单片机
中图分类号：V242.4；TP273 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0073-03

Variable tension control system for aviation electric hoist winding mechanism
YAN Shuang， LIAO Jun-bi， LIN Chuan-hua
（School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）

Abstract: Aviation electric hoist is mainly used for people rescue and material transfer under extreme conditions. However， a tension control system of wire rope winding machine is necessary for safety purpose. In this paper， a simple and light tension-variable control system is presented based on speed difference of hoist roller and tension roller.The single-chip signal process module and motor drive module were designed. PWM signal generation and the realization of smooth-running of the motor under low speed were highlighted. The experiment results suggested that the magnitude and direction of the tension can be controlled flexibly with the system.

Key words: Aviation electric hoist； Variable tension control system； DC torque motor； PWM； Single chip

22. 车用空调制冷压缩机性能测试软件的研制 曹义新1，2
（1.合肥通用机械研究院,安徽 合肥 230031；2.合肥通用环境控制技术有限责任公司,安徽 合肥 230088）

摘 要：介绍了车用空调制冷压缩机性能试验原理及方法，在此研究基础上依据相关标准编程实现与典型试验装置相配套的性能测试软件。软件较客观全面地体现了相关标准的各项要求，具有一定的智能化、人性化等特点，并且在相关行业中得到应用；同时对软件的不足之处进行了详细分析，提出了具有针对性的完善方案。应用结果证明软件可靠，具有良好的应用市场和前景。

关键词：制冷压缩机；性能评定；性能测试；软件；车用空调
中图分类号：TM925.12；TP311.52 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0076-05

Design of performance test software for refrigerant compressors of motor vehicle air onditions
CAO Yi-xin1，2
（1. Hefei General Machinery Research Institute，Hefei 230031，China；
2. Hefei General Environment Control Technology Co.，Ltd.，Hefei 230088，China）

Abstract: Performance test principia and methods of refrigerant compressor for motor vehicle air condition have been introduced. According to correlative standards， performance test software of one typical test equipment has been implemented based on research achievements. This software embodies requirements of above standards objectively and roundly better， which has some characteristics of intelligence and humanism and so on， and has been applied in correlative fields; meanwhile， its disadvantages has been analyzed in detail and the corresponding solutions also has been provided. Finally， its application in the future has been forecasted.

Key words: Refrigerant compressor； Performance assessing； Performance test； Software； Motor vehicle air condition

23. 磁带数据记录器自动检定系统设计 严洪燕， 武 桦
（中国直升机设计研究所，江西 景德镇 333001）

摘 要：针对磁带数据记录器的传统手动检定误差大、错误几率高、工作效率低等问题，在VEE Pro软件开发平台上，设计开发出一套磁带数据记录器自动检定系统。该系统包括仪器配置、仪器驱动与测试控制、数据处理及打印输出三个主模块，测试过程采用实时测试实时显示，自动进行数据处理并存档。使用结果表明，该系统操作简便，提高了工作效率，减小了人为误差，确保了测试数据准确可靠。

关键词：磁带数据记录器；自动检定；软件设计；直流电压；不确定度分析；评定
中图分类号：TM930.113；TQ587.1 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0081-05

Automatic verification system design for digital tape recorders YAN Hong-yan， WU Hua
（China Helicopter Research and Development Institute，Jingdezhen 333001，China）
Abstract: Generally， traditional manual verification of digital tape recorder contains some problems like notable error， high error rate and low efficiency. Based on the VEE Pro software development platform， an automatic verification system has been designed for digital tape recorders. Three main modules of the system are apparatus configuration， instrument drivers and test control， and data processing and print output. In the testing process， test and display are in real time， and the data are processed and archived automatically. The result shows that the system is easy to operate; it can improve the working efficiency， reduce the man-made error and ensure the veracity of the test data.

Key words: Digital tape recorder； Automatic verification； Software design； DC voltage； Uncertainty analysis；Evaluation

24. 基于ARM的嵌入式系统CF卡存储技术 田晓明， 陈怡伶
（陕西省计量科学研究院，陕西 西安 710048）

摘 要：针对当前现有的CF卡接口电路存在接口复杂、稳定性不高、存储速度缓慢等缺点，通过深入研究ARM处理器AT91RM9200的外部总线接口（EBI）及CF卡、CPLD的工作原理，设计了新的CF卡接口电路。新的CF卡接口电路中采用了CPLD来代替一般CF卡接口电路中的双向缓冲器、与非门等所有逻辑器件，通过现场对CPLD编程来实现不同的逻辑功能。实验表明，该电路更加简单、灵活、稳定、高速，对接口电路的设计有重要的参考价值。

关键词：嵌入式系统；总线接口技术；CF卡存储技术；CPLD编程；高速存储
中图分类号：TH867+.6；TP333.5 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0086-03

Memory technology of CF card based on ARM embedded system TIAN Xiao-ming， CHEN Yi-ling
（Shaanxi Institute of Metrology，Xi’an 710048，China）

Abstract: In consideration of the disadvantages of the currently available CF card interface circuit， such as complex interface circuit， instability， low-speed storage and so on， a new interface circuit was designed on the basis of deep research work on ARM processors， the external bus interface， the CF card and CPLD working principle. In the new CF card interface circuit， the CPLD was used to replace all the logic devices， including bi-direction buffers and NAND gate， in general CF card interface circuit. Thus， it can realize different logic functions through on-site programming of CPLD. The experimental results showed that the new interface circuit is more simple， flexible， stable and faster. It is of great value for the design of interface circuit.

Key words: Embedded system； Bus interface technology； CF card storage technology； CPLD programming； High-speed storage

25. 核电站核岛换料机夹爪气动系统的设计 刘 俊1， 傅 波1， 帅剑云2
（1.四川大学制造科学与工程学院，四川 成都 610065；2. 中科华核电技术研究院，广东 深圳 518124）

摘 要：为压水堆核电站核岛换料机的夹爪机构设计了一套气压驱动系统，其中设计计算了气缸的缸径、行程、供气压力和输出力，对气缸活塞杆进行了稳定性分析。同时，根据核电站的特殊使用环境，对整个气动回路的元器件进行了选型，并绘制了气动系统图和工程安装示意图。目前该系统方案已成功应用于大亚湾核电站的工程样机中，对全面实现我国核电站换料机的国产化具有重要意义。

关键词：核设备；换料机；燃料夹爪；驱动机构；气动系统；稳定性
中图分类号：TM623；TP241 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0089-03

Pneumatic system design for gripping jaw of nuclear island manipulate cranes
LIU Jun1， FU Bo1， SHUAI Jian-yun2
（1. School of Manufacturing Science and Engineering，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China； 2. Zhongkehua Nuclear Technology Research Institute，Shenzhen 518124，China）

Abstract: A feasible air-pressure transmission system has been designed for the manipulate crane's gripping jaw of nuclear power plant. The design's calculation includes the cylinder's diameter， the piston rod's travel， and the cylinder's pressure and output power， and the stability is analyzed for the piston rod. At the same time， according to the special environment of nuclear power plant， the authors have selected the pneumatic components， and have drawn the pneumatic system and installation instruction. This design has been applied in engineering practice in Daya bay nuclear power plant. It is of positive significance to realize the localization of nuclear plant manipulate crane.

Key words: Nuclear equipment； Manipulate crane； Gripping jaw； Driving mechanism； Pneumatic system； Stability

26. 环境例行定性分析或快速筛选结果的可靠性 冷 庚， 谢 晴， 王 彬， 杨嘉伟， 但德忠
（四川大学建筑与环境学院，四川 成都 610065）

摘 要：为了能更好地改善分析结果可靠性，在定性或定量分析中都应对分析结果的可靠程度进行评估。与定量分析不同，定性分析中的可靠度不能用预测值的一个区间表示。介绍了定性分析或快速筛选系统中用于评估可靠度的四种方法（即列联表、贝叶斯定理、统计间隔和性能曲线）及其应用。

关键词：可靠性；定性分析；例行分析；快速筛选分析
中图分类号：X11；TP274+.2 文献标识码：A
文章编号：1674-5124（2010）03-0092-05

Uncertainty of results in environmental routine qualitative analysis or rapid screening system
LENG Geng， XIE Qing， WANG Bin， YANG Jia-wei， DAN De-zhong
（College of Architecture and Environment，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）

Abstract: Uncertainty should be estimated in both quantitative and qualitative results in order to improve their reliability. Different with that of quantitative results， uncertainty in qualitative analysis cannot be expressed as an interval around the predicted value. Four different ways for uncertainty estimation of a qualitative or screening system， including contingency tables， Bayes’ theorem， statistical intervals， and performance curves， were reviewed in this paper. Also their advantages， drawbacks and main applications were highlighted.

Key words: Uncertainty； Qualitative analysis； Routine analysis； Rapid screening system