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doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.001
金属粘贴式电阻应变计应变传递分析
王 彪1， 刘 腾1， 徐敬龙1， 刘马宝2
（1. 西安交通大学航天航空学院，陕西 西安 710049； 2. 西安交通大学 机械结构强度与振动国家重点实验室，陕西 西安 710049）
摘 要：通过建立金属粘贴式电阻应变计的二维应变传递解析计算模型，对金属粘贴式电阻应变计的应变传递机理进行深入分析。结果表明，金属粘贴式电阻应变计的应变传递过程受敏感栅、基底及胶接层的几何参数和物理特性参数影响，且在金属粘贴式电阻应变计敏感栅两端存在应变过渡区。当胶接层横向宽度越宽、厚度越薄、弹性模量越大时，敏感栅两端的应变传递过渡区就越小，金属粘贴式电阻应变计的平均应变传递率则越大。因此，在实际应用中，应优先选择高弹性模量的胶粘剂，且必须严格控制金属粘贴式电阻应变计的粘贴工艺。
关键词：金属粘贴式电阻应变计；胶接层；应变传递；测量准确度
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0001-06
Strain transferring analysis of metallic bonded resistance strain gauges
WANG Biao1， LIU Teng1， XU Jinglong1， LIU Mabao2
（1. School of Aerospace Engineering，Xi’an Jiaotong University，Xi’an 710049，China；
2. State Key Laboratory for Strength and Vibration of Mechanical Structures，Xi’an Jiaotong University，
Xi’an 710049，China）
Abstract: A 2D analytical model is proposed to investigate the strain transferring mechanism of the metallic bonded resistance strain gauge. The results show that the strain of the structure cannot be transferred effectively to the grid of metallic bonded resistance strain gauge due to the influence of geometric parameters and mechanical properties of the grid， matrix and adhesive layer， and there are two strain transition regions at both ends of the grid. Moreover， the wider， thinner and stiffer adhesive layer can help decrease the strain transition region and increase the average strain transmission rate. According to the results， conclude that adhesive materials with higher Young’s Modulus should be given priority in practical application， and the bonding technology of resistance strain gauges must be strictly controlled.
Keywords: metallic bonded resistance strain gauge； adhesive layer； strain transferring； measurement accuracy
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.002
样本块匹配光栅投影阶梯标定方法
丁一飞， 王永红， 胡 悦， 黄安琪， 但西佐（合肥工业大学仪器科学与光电工程学院，安徽 合肥 230009）
摘 要：针对直接三角法为模型的光栅投影测量技术标定过程需要前后移动参考平板以获取标定平面的方法，提出一种改进的阶梯标定方法。该方法使用一个固定阶梯面作为标定板，将数字光栅投影到阶梯面后，再通过图像延拓的方法获得不同位置的参考平面条纹图，以获取标定平面，无需移动标定板即可实现标定过程，简化标定步骤和标定系统。实验结果表明：使用样本块匹配方法延拓获得的光栅条纹图边界衔接效果很好，视场均匀，延拓效果好；使用阶梯标定方法进行实际测量并获得三维结果，证明其实用可行。采用该方法克服传统标定方法需要移动参考平面的局限性，简化系统标定步骤，无需标定板移动装置，减少标定采集图像数量，扩大适用范围。
关键词：光栅投影；系统标定；样本块匹配；阶梯标定
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0007-06
Step calibration method of grating projection based on exemplar matching
DING Yifei， WANG Yonghong， HU Yue， HUANG Anqi， DAN Xizuo
（School of Instrument Science and Opto-electronics Engineering，Hefei University of Technology，
Hefei 230009，China）
Abstract: In grating projection profilometry based on direct triangulation model， the calibration process needs to move reference plate back and forth to obtain calibration planes. To solve the problem， this paper proposes an improved step calibration method. The method uses a fixed step surface as calibration target， when the digital grating projected to the step surface， reference plane fringe in different positions was obtained by extended image method， and then the calibration planes were also obtained. Now the calibration process can be achieved without moving the reference plate， the calibration procedure and calibration system are simplified too. Experimental results show that the grating fringe images obtained via exemplar matching method，have a good result of boundary convergence continuation of grating image， uniform field of view， the fringe pattern and gray level were consistent. Use the step calibration method for actual measurement and get the object three-dimensional morphology. It is proved that this method is accurate and reliable. This method overcomes the limitations of the traditional calibration method that we need move reference plate， simplifies the system calibration procedures， dispenses with calibration plate mobile device， reduces the number of collected images， expand its scope of application.
Keywords: grating projection； system calibration； exemplar matching； step calibration
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.003
基于改进的强跟踪滤波GPS校频系统误差处理方法
杨少尘， 胡昌华， 李红增， 周志杰， 杜党波
（火箭军工程大学控制工程系，陕西 西安 710025）
摘 要：GPS信号校准晶振信号频率源系统可输出高准确度时频信号，但GPS信号在传输和接收过程中会产生随机抖动或野值，给系统频率校准带来误差。为减小GPS信号随机抖动和野值所带来的影响，根据GPS信号与晶振信号准确度互补的特点，建立GPS信号校准晶振信号频差模型，利用强跟踪滤波算法对频差信号误差进行修正。针对GPS信号中存在的野值问题，对强跟踪滤波算法进行改进，根据残差变化率的大小判别野值，利用替代法对野值加以修正，提高滤波准确度。将该方法应用于某GPS信号校准晶振信号频率源系统，可使系统输出频率准确度达到10-11量级。
关键词：GPS校频；晶振；强跟踪滤波；野值
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0013-04
Method for error correcting of frequency source calibrated by GPS
based on improved strong tracking filter
YANG Shaochen， HU Changhua， LI Hongzeng， ZHOU Zhijie， DU Dangbo
（Dept of Control Engineering，Rocket Force University of Engineering，Xi’an 710025，China）
Abstract: GPS-signal calibrating crystal oscillator frequency source can output high-precision frequency signal. However， errors appear in the system because of the influence of random jitter and outliers effecting to GSP-signals in the transmitting and receiving process. To decrease the effect of random jitter and outliers， according to the complementarities between GPS-signal and crystal oscillator， a frequency difference model for GPS-signal calibrating crystal oscillator is proposed， applying strong tracking filter algorithm to correct errors of frequency difference signal. In order to solve the outliers problem， improving the strong tracking filter and according to the variety of residual difference， outliers can be corrected with substitution method， which can improve the precision of strong tracking filter algorithm. Applying the proposed method to a GPS-signal calibrating crystal oscillator frequency source， the result shows that the system can output a high-precision frequency of 10-11 through the improved strong tracking filter algorithm.
Keywords: GPS calibrating frequency； crystal oscillator； strong tracking filter； outliers
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.004
声源定位系统校准研究与不确定度分析
陈杭升1，2， 姚 磊2， 王斌锐1， 孙旭朋1，2， 俞醒言2， 桑帅军2
（1. 中国计量大学，浙江 杭州 310018； 2. 浙江省计量科学研究院，浙江 杭州 310018）
摘 要：针对波束形成原理声源定位系统，介绍其功能、工作原理及校准研究现状，同时结合国内外各生产厂商对空间分辨力的经验公式及影响因素，提出横向空间分辨力的定义并将其确定为关键校准参数之一。在校准方法研究中，阐述选择非相干纯音差频信号作为测试信号的原因及频差选取的原则，计算出不同差频对横向空间分辨力相对误差的影响；研究确定声源定位成像图形上显示动态范围为3 dB。此外构建计量校准装置，包括标准声源系统（双声源）、信号发生系统、信号采集分析系统、传动及控制系统等。最后提出横向空间分辨力校准方法，并进行实验研究及测量不确定度评定分析。研究结果为国内外声源定位系统横向空间分辨力的校准提供技术和方法基础。
关键词：波束形成原理；声源定位；横向空间分辨力；校准装置；不确定度
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0017-06
Calibration of sound source localization system and uncertainty analysis
CHEN Hangsheng1，2， YAO Lei2， WANG Binrui1， SUN Xupeng1，2， YU Xingyan2， SANG Shuaijun2
（1. China Jiliang University，Hangzhou 310018，China；
2. Zhejiang Province Institute of Metrology，Hangzhou 310018，China）
Abstract: The passage introduces the function， principle and research in calibrating sound source localization system using beamforming method. Combined with the spatial resolution experienced formulas and influencing factors provided by domestic and foreign manufacturers， we put forward the definition of transverse space resolution and make it as one of the key calibration parameters. In the study of calibration procedure， we explain the reason for choosing incoherent pure tone signal which is in difference frequency as the test signal and principles in frequency gap selection， calculated the influence of different frequency gap in the relative error of transverse spatial resolution; the dynamic range of 3 dB is confirmed on imaging graphic of sound source localization system. In addition， the calibration device is presented， which includes standard source system （double sound source）， signal generation system， signal collection and analysis system， drive and control system， etc. And then， the transverse space resolution calibration method is put forward， relevant experiment and the analysis of uncertainty evaluation follows. This research results offers a good technical basis and method for domestic and foreign to the calibration of transverse space resolution to sound localization system.
Keywords: beamforming method； sound source location； spatial resolution； calibration device； uncertainty
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.005
全国标准色板量值比对实验分析
高红波， 周 彦， 苏昌林
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：为公正、科学、客观地了解我国标准色板量值传递能力，全国光学计量技术委员会组织全国标准色板量值（CIE三刺激值及色品坐标）比对，全国省级计量技术机构及部分国防量传机构共20家实验室参加。实验分析阐述全国标准色板量值比对的实验背景和实施过程，包括比对方案设计、样品制备、均匀性、稳定性考察、结果统计等，并对比对结果进行分析。结果显示：标准色板测量能力满意度为99.68%（3家复测），参加量值比对的绝大多数实验室可以根据标准色板检定规程对标准色板的色度参数进行准确测量，我国开展标准色板检定和校准的实验室具有较高的技术水平。
关键词：光学；量值比对；物体色度；CIE三刺激值
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0023-06
Experimental analysis on the national comparison of value of quantity
for color standard plates
GAO Hongbo， ZHOU Yan， SU Changlin
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: In order to fairly， scientifically and objectively reflect the quantity transmission capability of color standard plates， National Committee for Optical Metrology Technology organized the national comparison of value of quantity （CIE 3 stimulus values and the chromaticity coordinates） for color standard plates， 20 laboratories from provincial institute of metrology and part of the national defense laboratory took part in the comparison. The experimental analysis mainly introduced the background and the implementation process of the comparison，including project design，sample preparation，homogeneity and stability test， results statistic and analysis，etc. The results showed that 99.68% measured data have satisfactory results （three of them retested）. In conclusion，most laboratories taking part in the national comparison have good competence in object color measurement， the technological level of verification and calibration is relatively high for most laboratories.
Keywords: optics； comparison of value of quantity； object chromaticity； CIE 3 stimulus values
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.006
用磁传感器测量三芯对称电缆相电流的方法
袁燕岭1， 李世松2， 董 杰1， 甘景福1， 黄松岭2， 赵 伟2
（1. 国网唐山供电公司，河北 唐山 063000； 2. 清华大学电机系，北京 100084）
摘 要：三芯对称电力电缆的三相芯线互呈120°角分布，因结构紧凑、敷设成本低，被广泛应用于35 kV以下电缆输配电工程中。三芯对称电力电缆使用共同的屏蔽层和外壳，由于在稳态运行时三相电流之和为0，因而传统的感应式电流测量方法无法用于该类型电力电缆相电流的测量。为解决该问题，提出一种基于磁传感器的三芯对称电力电缆相电流测量方法。通过在三芯对称电力电缆表面沿周向互差120°地安装3个与各相芯线准直的磁传感器，可线性地感知三芯对称电力电缆各相芯线的电流。通过建立物理数学模型，明确磁传感器输出量与三芯对称电力电缆各相芯线电流之间的量值关系。数值仿真计算验证所建立模型以及所提出测量方法准确实用。
关键词：电力电缆；电流测量；在线监测；磁传感器
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0029-04
Measuring method for phase current of symmetrical three-core power cable
based on magnetic sensors
YUAN Yanling1， LI Shisong2， DONG Jie1， GAN Jingfu1， HUANG Songling2， ZHAO Wei2
（1. Tangshan Electrical Power Company，Tangshan 063000，China；
2. Department of Electrical Engineering，Tsinghua University，Beijing 100084，China）
Abstract: The symmetrical three-core cable has three phase cores with every 120 degrees， which， based on its simple construction and low cost， has been widely used in the electrical energy transmission project below 35kV. A symmetrical three-core cable uses a common shield and shell. Since the total current of three phases is zero in steady state， and hence the traditional inductive current measurement method cannot be employed to measure the phase current. In order to overcome this shortcoming of the existing measurement technique， this paper presents a new method for the phase current measurement of a symmetrical three-core power cable based on magnetic sensors. In the approach， three magnetic sensors， aligned to the three phase cores of the cable， are installed on the power cable surface， yielding a linear response of the phase current. By developing a physical model， the relationship between the sensor output and the phase current is defined. The model has been verified by finite element simulations.
Keywords: electrical power cable； current measurement； online monitoring； magnetic sensor
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.007
中压断路器触头系统的三维动态测试邱才元， 许 雄， 刘向军
（福州大学电气工程与自动化学院，福建 福州 350116）
摘 要：目前对断路器触头的动态测试主要在一维和二维的基础上，只能单一反映断路器触头在主运动方向上的动态过程。为还原断路器触头系统的三维动作过程，利用一台高速摄像机与两面呈一定角度摆放的平面镜，设计基于虚拟双目视觉的三维测试系统，对ZN86A（VEB）-12型中压真空断路器的触头运动进行动态测试。通过特征点提取、立体匹配及三维重建获得触头的三维运动特性曲线，对三相触头运动过程进行分析。结果表明被测断路器触头在分合闸过程中存在左右和前后偏移运动且三相触头的偏移运动存在差异。三维测试结果可为断路器的优化设计和装配提供依据。
关键词：中压断路器；触头系统；动态特性；三维测试
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0033-06
Three-dimensional dynamic test for the contact system of medium
voltage circuit breaker
QIU Caiyuan， XU Xiong， LIU Xiangjun
（College of Electrical Engineering & Automation，Fuzhou University，Fuzhou 350116，China）
Abstract: The contact movement of the circuit breaker is a process that occurs in three-dimensional space. In the past， the dynamic tests of circuit breaker contact mainly focus on one or two dimension test， which only reflects dynamic process in the main movement direction of circuit breaker contact. In order to restore the three-dimensional movement of circuit breaker contact system， a three-dimensional test system based on virtual binocular vision is designed. It consists of a high speed camera and two plane mirrors with certain angle. The dynamic test of the contact movement of the medium voltage vacuum circuit breaker ZN86A（VEB）-12 is carried out. By extracting feature points， stereo matching and 3D reconstruction， the movement characteristic curves of the contacts are obtained and the movement processes of three phase contacts are analyzed. The results show that the left-right and front-back offset motion of the contacts are found during the on-off process of the tested circuit breaker and the offset motion of three phase contacts differs from each other. The three-dimensional test results will provide basis for the optimum design and assembling for the circuit breaker.
Keywords: medium voltage circuit breaker； contact system； dynamic characteristic； three-dimensional test
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.008
PE管焊缝缺陷超声检测效果的模糊评价
王仕芳， 李 俊， 李 涛， 陈 超， 高 宁
（四川理工学院机械工程学院，四川 自贡 643000）
摘 要：针对聚乙烯管道运行过程中因存在缺陷而导致的安全风险，采用超声波技术检测聚乙烯管热熔焊接（特别是现场焊接）焊缝处的各种缺陷，并对缺陷的检测效果展开模糊评价。通过选用和制作不同类型的超声探头和PE管焊缝缺陷试块，分别采用5种定制探头检测及分析4种常见的PE管焊缝缺陷：气孔、夹杂、裂纹、脱层。在不同探头对各种类型缺陷的检出率和定量效果的基础上，利用模糊评价方法评估其检测效果，并验证其正确性。结果表明：不同类型探头对PE管缺陷检出率和定量效果差异明显，可通过选用适合的超声波探头检测PE管焊缝缺陷。
关键词：聚乙烯；无损检测；超声波检测；模糊评价
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0039-05
Fuzzy evaluation of ultrasonic testing effect of PE pipe weld defect
WANG Shifang， LI Jun， LI Tao， CHEN Chao， GAO Ning
（Department of Mechanical Engineering，Sichuan University of Science & Engineering，Zigong 643000，China）
Abstract: For the security risks caused by defects during polyethylene pipe operation， ultrasonic technology was used to inspect various defects in heat melting welds of polyethylene pipes（especially field welding）， and fuzzy evaluation was carried out for the effect of defect inspection. By selecting and manufacturing different types of ultrasonic probes and PE pipe weld defect test blocks， five kinds of customized probes were used to inspect and analyze four kinds of common weld defects of PE pipes: pore， inclusion， crack and delamination. Based on the relevance ratio and quantitative effect of various types of defects with different probes， the fuzzy evaluation method was used to evaluate the inspection results and verify its validity via tests. The results show that: by using different types of probes， the difference of relevance ratio and quantitative effect on PE pipe defects are very obvious， thus PE pipe weld defects can be inspected by using proper ultrasonic probes.
Keywords: polyethylene； nondestructive testing； ultrasonic testing； fuzzy evaluation
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.009
近红外光谱与模型集群分析测定
毛涤混纺织物成分含量
罗 峻1， 吴淑焕1， 聂凤明1， 许 敏1， 范 伟2， 梁逸曾3
（1. 广州纤维产品检测研究院，国家纺织品服装服饰产品质量监督检验中心（广州），广东 广州 511447；
2. 湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院，湖南 长沙 410128； 3. 中南大学化学化工学院，湖南 长沙 410083）
摘 要：将近红外光谱法和模型集群分析方法应用于毛涤混纺织物成分含量的快速无损测定。以近红外测量方法采集93个毛涤混纺织物的光谱信号，利用光谱预处理消除信号漂移的影响，在模型集群分析基础上，剔除异常样本，筛选出30个关键波长，采用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立涤纶含量的预测模型。所建立模型的训练集相关系数r2为0.982 7、交互验证均方误差（RMSECV）为3.26、预测均方根误差（RMSEP）为3.34，预测结果令人满意，适合于毛涤混纺织物中涤纶含量的快速、无损检测。
关键词：近红外光谱；模型集群分析；毛涤混纺织物；偏最小二乘法
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0044-04
Study on rapid determination of polyester content in polyester/wool based on near
infrared spectroscopy and model population analysis
LUO Jun1， WU Shuhuan1， NIE Fengming1， XU Min1， FAN Wei2， LIANG Yizeng3
（1. Guangzhou Fibre Product Testing and Research Institute，Guangzhou 511447，China；
2. College of Bioscience and Biotechnology，Hunan Agricultural University，Changsha 410128，China；
3. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering，Central South University，Changsha 410083，China）
Abstract: Near-infrared spectroscopy as a rapid， non-destructively testing technique， has been widely used in the fiber product testing field. 93 polyester/wool samples were collected. Model population analysis method was employed to detect the outlier and select key variables after preprocessing the spectra by Savitsky-Golay derivative method. Partial least squares （PLS） calibration models were established by the optimal conditions to predict the content of polyester. Correlation coefficient of determination r2， root-mean-square error of cross-validation （RMSECV） and root-mean-square error of prediction（RMSEP） were used to evaluate the quality of the model. The best models showed satisfactory predictions as measured by the r2， RMSECV and RMSEP values: 0.982 7， 3.26 and 3.34. The prediction results were better than the whole spectra The results showed that the method was suitable for the fast and reliable determination of the content of polyester in polyester/wool product.
Keywords: near-infrared spectroscopy； model population analysis； polyester/wool； PLS
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.010
甲醇中氯苯溶液标准物质的制备技术研究
及不确定度评定
方 正， 张鹏辉， 潘 义， 张苏敏， 白 花， 杨嘉伟， 赵杨兰， 苏 丹
（中国测试技术研究院，四川 成都 610021）
摘 要：建立甲醇中氯苯溶液标准物质的研制及不确定度评定方法。使用气相色谱（GC）和液相色谱（HPLC）两种不同方法精确测定氯苯主成分含量，电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（ICP-MS）和卡尔·费休水分仪（KF）测定无机杂质和水分含量，并最终通过质量平衡法对氯苯纯度进行准确定值。采用重量-容量法制备特性量值为10.0 μg/mL的甲醇中氯苯溶液标准物质，其主要用于污染物中氯苯的成分分析、环境评价以及相应分析方法的确认等，制备的标准物质均匀性和稳定性良好，定值结果的相对扩展不确定度为U=3%（k=2），有效期限24个月，通过与同类国家标准样品甲醇中氯苯GSB 07-1220——2000量值比对，验证制备方法定值结果的准确性。
关键词：氯苯；标准物质；特性量值；不确定度
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0048-05
Preparation of chlorobenzene certified reference material in methanol
and evaluation for uncertainty
FANG Zheng， ZHANG Penghui， PAN Yi， ZHANG Sumin， BAI Hua， YANG Jiawei，
ZHAO Yanglan， SU Dan
（National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology，Chengdu 610021，China）
Abstract: The preparation and evaluation for uncertainty methods of chlorobenzene certified reference material（CRM） in methanol were established. The main component content of chlorobenzene was determined by gas chromatography（GC） and high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， and the contents of inorganic impurities and water were also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） and coulometric Karl Fischer titrator， respectively. Finally， the purity of chlorobenzene was accurately determined by Mass-Balance method. This CRM solution with characteristic value of 10.0 μg/mL that primarily used for the content analysis of chlorobenzene in pollutants， evaluation of environment and validation of analytical methods was prepared by Weighting-Volumetric method. The developed CRM has good homogeneity and stability with the uncertainty of 3%（k=2） and the validity period of 24 months. Compared with the national reference material of chlorobenzene in methanol（GSB 07-1220——2000）， the accuracy of preparing method was confirmed.
Keywords: chlorobenzene； reference material； characteristic value； uncertainty
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.011
硅材料中锑杂质含量的二次离子质谱检测方法
陈 潇， 马农农， 何友琴， 王东雪
（中国电子科技集团公司第46研究所，天津 300220）
摘 要：针对二次离子质谱法测硅材料中锑杂质存在质量数干扰、实验结果不准确的问题，该文对排查干扰离子并消除干扰的方法进行研究。通过对相关样品进行二次离子质谱定量分析、深度剖析和全元素扫描分析，探究硅材料中锑杂质准确定量的最优检测方法。最终结果表明二次离子质谱法对硅中锑杂质浓度的检测限可低至1×1013 atoms/cm3，相对标准偏差（RSD，n=10）为10.0%。研究结果对分析二次离子质谱检测中普遍存在的质量数干扰现象有参考价值，排查干扰离子的方法有广泛的适用性。
关键词：二次离子质谱法；锑杂质；质量数干扰；检测限
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0053-04
SIMS measurement method of Sb impurity content in silicon
CHEN Xiao， MA Nongnong， HE Youqin， WANG Dongxue
（China Electronics Technology Group Corporation No.46 Research Institute，Tianjin 300220，China）
Abstract: Mass interference exists and affects the accuracy of the results when using SIMS to detect Sb impurity content in Silicon materials. To solve the problem， methods to determine interfering ions and eliminate the interference were studied. Optimal quantitative method of Sb impurity in Si was explored using SIMS quantitative analysis， depth profile analysis and all elements analysis. The final results show the detection limit of Sb concentration in Silicon by SIMS is 1×1013 atoms/cm3， and relative standard deviation （RSD， n=10） is 10.0%. This research can be used to analyze the mass interference phenomenon which is general in SIMS detection， and the methods to determine interfering ions is widely applicable.
Keywords: SIMS； Sb impurity； mass number interference； detection limit
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.012
1，25-二羟基维生素D3通过诱导基质金属蛋白酶7的
表达上调小鼠肠道中活性防御素
陈子硕， 刘 誉
（四川大学生命科学学院，四川 成都 610064）
摘 要：为探索维生素D对肠道先天免疫抗菌肽——α-防御素1（alpha-1-defensin，DEFA1）剪切酶基质金属蛋白酶7（matrix metalloproteinase 7，MMP-7）的调控，利用维生素D受体基因敲除小鼠（Vitamin D receptor knock-out，VDR-KO）与肠道细胞系作为研究模型，通过免疫组化染色、qRT-PCR及免疫印迹等研究方法，发现其肠道细胞中MMP-7的转录水平与蛋白水平较野生型（wild type，WT）小鼠显著降低，并且DEFA1的表达量也较低，表明维生素D可以调控肠道MMP-7的表达，从而影响DEFA1的成熟。同时，体外细胞实验表明：1，25-二羟基维生素D3能够上调肠道细胞MMP-7的转录水平和蛋白水平。初步表明，维生素D通过调控MMP-7的表达影响DEFA1的成熟，而维生素D缺失，MMP-7下调从而DEFA1下调，进一步可能造成肠道菌群失调，导致多种慢性疾病的发生。
关键词：1，25-二羟基维生素D3；维生素D受体基因敲除鼠；基质金属蛋白酶7；α防御素
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0057-07
1，25（OH）2VD3 up regulates activation of α-defensins through
induction of MMP-7 in mouse intestine
CHEN Zishuo， LIU Yu
（College of Life Sciences，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610064，China）
Abstract: The aim of this study was to find the role of VD in regulating the active form of α-defensin 1（DEFA1）， one of the antibacterial peptides in mouse intestine. It showed that the active DEFA1 was much lower in VDR knock-out mice compared to the wild type（WT） mice. Both mRNA and protein of matrix metalloproteinase-7（MMP-7）， the cleaved enzyme of DEFA1， as detected by immumohistochemical staining and qRT-PCR， were at a relatively low level. In vitro experiment showed that VD can induce the expression of MMP-7 in colon cells. Thus， it suggested that VD can regulate the expression of MMP-7. When VD was deficient， MMP-7 was down-regulated and so was the active form of DEFA1， it might lead to impairment of intestinal innate immunity and dysbiosis and drive chronic disorders.
Keywords: 1，25（OH）2VD3； Vitamin D receptor knock-out mice； matrix metalloproteinase-7； α-defensin
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.013
用于检测生物硫醇的新型萘酰亚胺荧光探针的合成与应用
陈 颂， 王 静， 侯 鹏， 刘 磊， 王 鑫
（齐齐哈尔医学院药学院，黑龙江 齐齐哈尔 161006）
摘 要：该文利用硫醇诱导的2，4-二硝基苯磺酰基基团的断裂反应生成具有供-吸电能力的荧光团，成功设计合成一种基于萘酰亚胺识别硫醇的荧光探针。相对于其他氨基酸，该探针在生理pH（7.40）值下，对于含硫醇的氨基酸具有高度的选择性和灵敏度。探针对硫醇具有显著的荧光增强响应，其荧光强度可以恢复197倍。此外，细胞内硫醇的荧光成像实验，证明该荧光探针具有潜在检测细胞内生物硫醇的能力。
关键词：生物硫醇；合成；萘酰亚胺；氨基酸；断裂反应；荧光探针
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0064-04
The synthesis and application of a new type of naphthalimide fluorescent
probe for biothiols determination
CHEN Song， WANG Jing， HOU Peng， LIU Lei， WANG Xin
（College of Pharmacy，Qiqihar Medical University，Qiqihar 161006，China）
Abstract: The research used， 2，4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl group cleavage reaction induced by thiols to generate fluorophore with power supply-sucking ability， and proposed and synthesized a kind of fluorescence probe that can identify biothiols via naphthalimides. Relative to other amino acids， the probe is under physiological pH value （7.40）， which has high sensitivity and selectivity on amino acids containing biothiols. The probe has a striking fluorescence enhancement effect on biothiols， which can recover fluorescence intensity to 197 times. Besides， fluorescence imaging test of biothiols in cells shows that the fluorescence probe has a potential ability of detecting biothiols in cells.
Keywords: biothiols； synthesis； naphthalimide； amino acids； cleavage reaction； fluorescence probe
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.014
模块化多通道通用气象数据采集系统设计
张一波1，2， 行鸿彦1，2， 徐 伟1，2
（1. 南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心，江苏 南京 210044；
2. 南京信息工程大学江苏省气象传感网技术工程中心，江苏 南京 210044）
摘 要：针对传统型气象数据采集系统存在扩展性和通用性较差的问题，根据不同气象传感器输出电信号的特征，提出模块化结构的多通道通用气象数据采集系统。系统采用低功耗单片机和CPLD架构，通过多路模拟开关，数字端口，内置增益可控信号放大电路和控制器，分别对气象传感器输出的模拟和数字信号进行采集和处理；可根据需求配置多路采集通道，采集数据可通过串口传送给上位机。利用高精度JJQ1气象信号模拟器和61/2位万用电表搭建实验平台对系统进行测试。数据表明，系统具有测量准确度高、通道可配置、扩展性强的特点，还可用于其他领域的多通道信号采集。
关键词：数据采集；模块化；多通道；气象传感器
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0068-05
The design of modular multi-channel general meteorological data acquisition system
ZHANG Yibo1，2， XING Hongyan1，2， XU Wei1，2
（1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters，
Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology，Nanjing 210044，China；
2. Jiangsu Technology and Engineering Center of Meteorological Sensing Network，Nanjing University of
Information Science & Technology，Nanjing 210044，China）
Abstract: In order to improve the poor expansibility and versatility in the traditional meteorological data acquisition system， a modular multi-channel general meteorological data acquisition system based on the characteristics of different meteorological sensors was designed. The system which used the ultralow-power MCU and CPLD could collect and process the analog and digital signals of meteorological sensors through multiplexer， digital port， built-in gain-controlled signal amplification circuit and controller. Furthermore， according to the actual requirements， the system could configure the multi-channel of data acquisition as well as send the data to the host computer via a serial port. In addition， the JJQ1 signal simulator and 61/2-bit multimeter were used to test the system. The results show that the system has the advantages of high measure precision， configurable channels and good expansibility. Meanwhile， it can be also applied to other areas of multi-channel signal acquisition.
Keywords: data acquisition； modularization； multi-channel； meteorological sensor
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.015
医用运动平板速度检测装置研制
蒋雪萍1， 汪新新2， 胡佳成2， 李东升2
（1. 杭州市质量技术监督检测院，浙江 杭州 310019； 2. 中国计量大学计量测试工程学院，浙江 杭州 310018）
摘 要：医用运动平板是一种诊断冠心病的医疗器械，国内尚无检测其速度的装置。为此，根据浙江省地方技术法规JJF 1104——2014《运动平板分析仪校准规范》中提出的速度检测装置最大允许误差为±1.0%的要求。通过在运动平板表面粘贴白色色标，色标随跑步带经过两色标传感器，传感器的输出电平会发生跳变，单片机采集两次电平跳变的时间间隔来计算运动平板的速度；同时，该装置的调节机构能够调节两个传感器的高度和角度以满足不同高度和角度的运动平板。实验结果表明：该装置能够在不拆卸运动平板的前提下，实现对医用运动平板的速度检测，且装置的准确度达0.80%，符合运动平板速度检测装置的技术指标要求。
关键词：医学计量；速度检测；医用运动平板；色标传感器
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0073-04
Development of velocity detecting device for medical exercise treadmill
JIANG Xueping1， WANG Xinxin2， HU Jiacheng2， LI Dongsheng2
（1. Hangzhou Institute of Technology Testing and Calibration，Hangzhou 310019，China；
2. College of Measurement Test Engineering，China Jiliang University，Hangzhou 310018，China）
Abstract: Medical exercise treadmill is a medical apparatus for coronary heart disease (CHD) diagnosis， whose velocity cannot be detected by any devices in China for now. According to JJF (Zhejiang) 1104-2014 Calibration Specification for Exercise Treadmill Analyzer， Zhejiang provincial technical regulations， the maximum allowable error of velocity detecting devices is ±1.0%. Stick a white mark onto the surface of an exercise treadmill and send it onto the treadmill belt to go through two color mark sensors. The output level of the sensors will change. The velocity of the exercise treadmill can be calculated by the time interval between two level changes collected by MCU. At the same time， the heights and angles of the two sensors can be adjusted by its regulating mechanism in order to satisfy needs of exercising at different height and angle. Results show that the device can realize velocity detection for medical exercise treadmill on the condition that it is not dismantled. The precision of device reaches 0.80%， which meets the technical indicators of velocity detecting device for exercise treadmill.
Keywords: medical metrology； velocity detecting； medical exercise treadmill； color mark sensor
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.016
旋转分区耦合簇头节点定位的WSN数据
优化汇聚机制研究
张 飞
（黄淮学院信息工程学院，河南 驻马店 463000）
摘 要：为解决当前无线传感网络数据汇聚过程中的路径冲突严重、数据丢包频繁、难以有效减少外界信号干扰以及汇聚带宽受限等问题，提出旋转分区耦合簇头节点定位的无线传感数据优化汇聚机制。首先，通过地理位置信息将整个无线传感器网络节点划分为若干个子区域，并设计信号最强搜寻算法，在子区域中搜寻到性能最优的节点作为簇头节点；然后通过旋转分区的方式对区域内节点进行组织及数据初始化；根据地理位置坐标，在旋转分区内定义节点区域判定规则，通过节点归类办法对初始化后的数据进行汇聚，通过簇头节点完成数据上传。理论及实验结果表明：对于无线传感网络的部署，提出的优化机制可显著降低汇聚数据通信开销，有效缓解网络中数据汇聚节点的使用强度；和其他解决方案比较，该文技术用于汇聚传输数据的沉默节点数量提高10%以上。
关键词：无线传感器网络；数据汇聚；信号最强搜寻算法；旋转分区；区域判定
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0077-06
Study on WSN data optimization aggregation scheme based on rotary partition
coupled cluster node location
ZHANG Fei
（College of Information Engineering，Huanghuai University，Zhumadian 463000，China）
Abstract: In order to solve the bottleneck problem in data aggregation of WSN， as like the path conflicts in the node data aggregation procession，frequently loss of data packet， difficult to effectively reduce the external signal interference and limited bandwidth. So the data aggregation scheme of WSN that based on Cluster partition mechanism is indexed in the paper. Firstly， through the information of geographical position will be the entire sensor network node is divided into several sub areas， and the design of the strongest signal search algorithm， in the sub region to search for the optimal performance of the nodes as cluster node for uploading data； then by rotating the way of partitioning the nodes are organized within the region and data initialization; then in the rotational zone， according to the geographical location coordinate， define the node by node region decision rules， classification processing method to gather and upload data by cluster node after initialization of convergence. The results showed that: take some means to coverage area of WSN partition， and by organizing node data upload can effectively improve the quality of data aggregation in WSN. So for the wireless sensor network deployment， the solves in paper could proposed optimization scheme in reducing aggregation data communication overhead， and effectively alleviating the using intensity of nodes in network data aggregation； Compared with other solutions， this mechanism can improved the number of Silent node for translating network data more than 10%.
Keywords: WSN； data aggregation； strongest signal search algorithm； rotary partition； regional determination
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.017
电弧光强度定量分析及其检测设备的标定方法
刘柱揆1， 严 跃2， 耿开胜2， 丁心志3
（1. 云南电网电力科学研究院，云南 昆明 650217； 2.南京五石金传感器技术有限公司，江苏 南京 210023；
3．中国南方电网公司电能计量重点实验室，云南 昆明 650217）
摘 要：实验研究低压（220 V/200 A）短路电弧和高压（20 kV）电离电弧的光谱及强度特征，证实电弧光以紫外光和可见光为主要成分。通过定量测量电弧光的强度，得出低压短路和高压电离电弧光中紫外光强度占其总强度的70%以上，并基于该结论利用光学转换、光电变换原理及脉冲检测技术开发一种新型的紫外电弧光传感系统。在施加滤光设备的措施下测量电弧光，得出同一电弧光中1～10 mW/cm2的紫外光强度对应的可见光照度为5～20 kLux，提出利用该强度范围作为电弧光保护装置光学检测单元校验标定和检测灵敏度的阈值范围的观点。
关键词：电弧光；光学转换；光电变换；脉冲检测；紫外光检测；灵敏度阈值
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0083-05
Quantitative analysis of arc light intensity and calibration method of its detector
LIU Zhukui1， YAN Yue2， GENG Kaisheng2， DING Xinzhi3
（1. Yunnan Power Grid Corporation Electric Power Research Institute，Kunming 650217，China；
2. Nanjing Five Stone Golden Sensing Limited Company，Nanjing 210023，China；
3. Electric Power Measurement Key Laboratory of China Southern Power Grid Corporation，
Kunming 650217，China）
Abstract: The characteristics of arc light with ultraviolet and visible light as the main ingredients are verified by studying the spectrum and intensity features of low voltage（220 V/200 A） short circuit arc and high pressure （20 kV） ionization arc by experimental method. The result that the ratio of ultraviolet intensity in either low voltage arc or high pressure ionization arc to the total is 70% is worked out in quantative measurement of arc light intensity， and a new ultraviolet arc light sensing system is developed by using optical conversion and photo-electric conversion principles and impulse detection technology based on the result. By applying optical filter in arc intensity measurement， 5-20 kLux visual light intensity corresponding to 1-10 mW/cm2 ultraviolet intensity in the identical arc is provided. The idea that using the intensity range as the range for calibrating the optical detecting unit of arc light protection apparatus and detecting the sensitivity threshold is proposed.
Keywords: arc light； optical conversion； photo-electric conversion； impulse detection； UV detection； sensitivity threshold
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.018
电力电缆电力传送实验平台测试系统设计
胥玉萍1， 肖继学1， 李海军2， 廖 旋3， 曾 强1， 王 泽1， 龚建全1
（1. 西华大学机械工程学院，四川 成都 610039； 2. 成都航天通信设备有限责任公司，四川 成都 610051；
3. 四川省工业设备安装公司，四川 成都 610031）
摘 要：为研究高效安全传送绿色电力的方法，设计电力传送实验平台测试系统。该系统以S3C2440A微处理器为核心构建嵌入式测试电路，该电路通过MIK-DZU-400 V电压变送器、HD-T101-300A电流变送器、MIK-ST500温度变送器等集成模块实现电力电压、电流及电缆温度的感知与调理。基于Linux操作系统，在Qtopia2.2.0集成开发环境中设计嵌入式测试软件，该测试软件主要包括电力电压、电流及电缆温度信号的采集与保存模块，电力电缆热特征参数分析模块、通信模块、电力电缆寿命疲劳分析模块接口、电缆动态增容传输分析功能接口、电力传送控制模块接口。在上位机PC中利用Visual C++6.0 MFC模块开发上位机分析处理软件。实验表明：测试系统能够感知电缆温度、电力电压和电流，能够基于电缆热路模型分析电力电缆热特征参数，能够通过接口开放地添加电力电缆寿命、疲劳分析、电力传送动态控制等新方法。
关键词：绿色电力；电力传送；测试系统；开放平台；热特征参数
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0088-05
Design of testing system for electricity transmission experimental platform
XU Yuping1， XIAO Jixue1， LI Haijun2， LIAO Xuan3， ZENG Qiang1， WANG Ze1， GONG Jianquan1
（1. School of Mechanical Engineering，Xihua University，Chengdu 610039 China；
2. Chengdu Aerospace Communication Device Company Limited，Chengdu 610051 China；
3. Sichuan Provincial Industrial Equipment Installation Co.，Chengdu 610031，China）
Abstract: In order to explore methods to transmit the green electricity efficiently and securely， a testing system on the experimental platform for electricity transmission through cable was designed. The microprocessor S3C2440A was used to design the measurement circuit， in which the integrated module MIK-DZU-400V， HD-T101-300A and MIK-ST500 were adopted to sense the voltage and current of the electric power which is being transmitted， and the temperature of cable， through which the power is being carried， respectively， and the signals are conditioned. Based on the operation system Linux， the embedded testing software was designed in the integrated development environment Qtopia2.20. It runs in the microprocessor S3C2440A and mainly includes signal acquisition and storage module which can sample and save the signals of the voltage， current and temperature， and communication module， cable thermal characteristic parameters analysis module， and the interfaces of cable fatigue and life span analysis module， Dynamic Capability Increasing analysis module and electric power transmission control module. In PC， host analysis software was designed in the integrated development environment Visual C++6.0. Experiment shows the testing system can sample and save the signals of electric power voltage， current and cable temperature， and analyze cable characteristic parameters of cable thermal model. With the interfaces， new methods can be embedded to analyze cable fatigue and life span and dynamically control electric power transmission.
Keywords: green electricity； electricity transmission； testing system； open platform； thermal characteristic parameters
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.019
二维光幕破片动能测试系统设计
张虎威1，2， 李锦明1，2， 高文刚1，2， 郭 淳1，2
（1. 中北大学 电子测试国家重点实验室，山西 太原 030051；
2. 中北大学 仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室，山西 太原 030051）
摘 要：针对飞行破片目标多、速度快、体积小以及测试环境中光强高、电磁干扰强的测试难点，设计一种非接触式的二维光幕破片动能测试系统。系统以现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）作为核心控制器，利用高精度ADC与NAND Flash存储器采集并存储相互正交的光幕传感器的输出信号，并将数据通过USB接口回读到上位机进行分析，提取出破片的速度与体积信息，进而得到破片的动能。最后通过气枪弹实验对系统进行测试，结果表明：该方案解决传统一维光幕测试系统只能测量旋转对称破片动能的问题，利用二维正交光幕有效地测量非旋转对称破片的动能信息，具有一定的实用价值和应用前景。
关键词：破片动能；二维光幕；现场可编程门阵列；非旋转对称
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0093-05
Design of two-dimensional screen fragment kinetic energy measurement system
ZHANG Huwei1，2， LI Jinming1，2， GAO Wen’gang1，2， GUO Chun1，2
（1. National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology，North University of China，
Taiyuan 030051，China；
2. Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education，
North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China）
Abstract: Aiming at the difficulties of multi-target， high speed， small volume for flying fragments and high luminous intensity， strong electromagnetic interference in measurement environment， a non-contact two-dimensional screen fragment kinetic energy measurement system is designed. The system takes FPGA as the core controller， making use of high precision ADC and NAND Flash memory chip to acquire and store signal from mutually orthogonal screen senor， and reading the data back to the host computer for analysis through the USB interface， which extract the fragment velocity and volume information， then acquire the information of the kinetic energy of fragments. Based on the air-gun projectile impacting experiment，the results show that this scheme use two-dimensional orthogonal screen to measure kinetic information of non-rotational symmetry fragment effectively， which solves the issues that the traditional one-dimensional screen measurement system can only measure rotational symmetry fragment kinetic energy， and the system has a certain practical value and application prospect.
Keywords: fragment kinetic； two-dimensional screen； FPGA； non-rotational symmetry
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.020
基于PSO优化神经网络和空间网格的
机器人位姿标定方法
王 一， 宋志伟， 王祎泽， 张湧涛
（华北理工大学电气工程学院，河北 唐山 063009）
摘 要：该文提出一种将机器人的位置和姿态拆分开，分别进行标定的机器人位姿标定方法。采用空间精度控制网格标定机器人定位误差，粒子群优化算法（particle swarm optimization，PSO）优化神经网络标定机器人定姿误差。该方法以指数积公式 （product of exponentials，POE）为基础建立机器人正向运动学模型，用映射法建立空间网格，用三坐标测量臂测量机器人位姿，用空间网格精度标定定位误差，用PSO优化的神经网络标定定姿误差。其优点在于既标定机器人工具中心点（TCP）的定位误差，又标定机器人工具坐标系的姿态误差，使得机器人定位、定姿误差都得到补偿。实验结果表明机器人的定位、定姿均方根误差减小接近一个数量级。
关键词：空间网格精度；粒子群算法；机器人标定；神经网络
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0098-05
Robot calibration method based on spatial mesh and PSO optimal neural network
WANG Yi， SONG Zhiwei， WANG Yize， ZHANG Yongtao
（College of Electrical Engineering，North China University of Science and Technology，
Tangshan 063009，China）
Abstract: A robot’s posture calibration method which separate the rotation and location of robot to separate calibrate is introduced. Uses spatial mesh precision to calibrate the robot’s position error， and applys PSO neural network to calibrate the robot’s rotation error. This paper use POE formula to establish the forward kinematics model of robot. A coordinate measuring machine has been used to measure the robot working space. Apply reflection method to set up spatial mesh. Position error of the robot has been calibrated by spatial mesh precision and the rotation error has been calibrated by neural network. The robot calibrate method in this paper is different from the generals. Advantage of this method is that it not only calibrates the position precision of the robot’s TCP but also improves the rotation precision of the robot’s TCP coordinate at the same time. This approach can further improve the robot’s TCP precision. The results of the experiment illustrate: the precision of robot’s position and rotation has been improved approximate a magnitude.
Keywords: spatial mesh precision； PSO； robot calibration； neural network
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.021
基于自适应谐波小波和能量熵的转子系统故障诊断研究
邓飞跃1，2
（1. 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院，河北 保定 071003； 2. 石家庄铁道大学机械工程学院，河北 石家庄 050043）
摘 要：针对转子系统非平稳振动时故障特征难以准确提取的问题，提出一种基于自适应谐波小波和能量熵的转子系统故障诊断方法。首先，采用连续谐波小波方法分解转子信号，克服“二进制”谐波小波包分解不能任意选取感兴趣频段的缺限，同时在分解过程中通过时间尺度变换的方式消除信号采集过程中不同转速及采样频率的影响；然后，通过设定合理的分解参数，提取出表征转子系统的故障特征信息并构建故障模式矩阵，得到转子系统早期局部碰摩、全周碰摩、油膜涡动和油膜振荡等4种工况下的能量熵值；最后，将特征向量输入支持向量机（support vector machine，SVM）判断出转子系统的故障类型。试验结果表明：该方法可以有效用于转子系统的故障诊断。
关键词：转子；谐波小波；故障特征；时间尺度变换；能量熵
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0103-05
Fault diagnosis of rotor system based on adaptive harmonic wavelet and energy entropy
DENG Feiyue1，2
（1. School of Energy，Power and Mechanical Engineering，North China Electric Power University，
Baoding 071003，China；
2. Department of Mechanical Engineering，Shijiazhuang Tiedao University，Shijiazhuang 050043，China）
Abstract: In order to solve the problem that fault feature of rotor system was difficult to accurately extract because of non-stationary vibration， a new method based on harmonic wavelet adaptive decomposition and energy entropy was presented in this paper. Firstly， continue harmonic wavelet was used to decompose the signal of rotor system， which broke the constraint that binary harmonic wavelet decomposition could not select any interested frequency band. Time scale transformation method was applied to the process of decomposition in order to eliminate the influence by different rotational speed and sampling frequency. Secondly， fault feature information of rotor system was extracted by setting reasonable parameters and fault pattern matrix was constructed， then energy entropies of rotor system under four working conditions were obtained. Finally， characteristic vectors were served as input vectors of support vector machine to identify fault patterns of rotor system. The result showed that the proposed method can diagnose fault of rotor system effectively.
Keywords: rotor； harmonic wavelet； fault feature； time scale transform； energy entropy
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.022
PCNN赋时矩阵高斯噪声滤除算法
张文兴， 闫海鹏， 王建国
（内蒙古科技大学机械工程学院，内蒙古 包头 014010）
摘 要：为消除图像降噪过程中传统降噪方法对图像边缘和细节的影响，提出一种基于改进脉冲耦合神经网络（pulse coupled neural network，PCNN）赋时矩阵的有效滤除高斯噪声算法。该算法将PCNN模型的突触联结强度改进为随神经元与其周围神经元相似程度不同而变化的可变值，并将PCNN神经元的点火时间记录在赋时矩阵中，根据点火时刻判断噪声点，选择滤波方式。实验结果表明：该算法能够有效去除高斯噪声，具有较强的降噪性能及很好的边缘与细节保护能力。
关键词：脉冲耦合神经网络；赋时矩阵；高斯噪声；突触联结强度；可变值
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0108-05
Gaussian noise filtering algorithm based on PCNN time matrix
ZHANG Wenxing， YAN Haipeng， WANG Jianguo
（School of Mechanical Engineering，Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology，
Baotou 014010，China）
Abstract: To eliminate the effect of the traditional de-noising methods on the edges and details of images during image de-noising， a gaussian noise filtering algorithm based on Pulse Coupled Neural Network （PCNN） time matrix is proposed. The synaptic coupling strength of the PCNN model is defined as a variable whose value is dependent on the similarity among different neurons. Meanwhile， the ignition times of PCNN neurons are recorded in the time matrix. The noise point and the filtering method can be determined according to the corresponding time matrix elements. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can filter Gaussian noise effectively， and is more capable for the protection of edges and details of images.
Keywords: PCNN； time matrix； gaussian noise； synaptic coupling strength； variable value
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.023
旋转矢量多迭代捷联姿态解算误差补偿算法
王 真， 高凤岐， 高 敏， 高伟伟
（军械工程学院，河北 石家庄 050003）
摘 要：为克服高动态条件下的捷联姿态解算存在不可交换性误差的问题，达到进一步增强捷联姿态误差抑制效果的目的，基于角速率的输出提出了等效旋转矢量三子样二次迭代优化算法，推导对应的圆锥补偿算法方程及其表达式。分别在不同圆锥运动频率情况下和不同姿态更新频率情况下，展开仿真验证算法的漂移误差和俯仰角误差，以传统的四元数法、三子样算法为对照，分析仿真数据曲线，得出本改进算法在精度和稳定性方面均有较大提高。在单轴速率转台上进行光纤陀螺的实测验证中，通过调整圆锥运动半偏角和频率，测量获取光纤陀螺惯组输出情况，结果表明：该算法在高动态条件下受圆锥半角、圆锥运动频率的影响较小，性能更加优越。
关键词：捷联姿态测量；高动态；圆锥误差补偿；等效旋转矢量
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0113-05
Research on error compensation improved algorithm of strapdown attitude & heading
measurement based on multiple iteration rotation vector
WANG Zhen， GAO Fengqi， GAO Min， GAO Weiwei
（Ordnance Engineering College，Shijiazhuang 050003，China）
Abstract: To reduce the traditional coning error compensation algorithm noncommutativity errors under high dynamic conditions and to restrain the coning error， proposed the three-sample-and-two-time iteration algorithm of equivalent rotation vector based on angular rate， and deduced the expression of coning error compensation algorithm. At different coning motion frequency and update frequency， simulation validation showed this algorithm had advantages in accuracy and stability than quaternion and three sub-sample algorithms. Experimental results show that there was smaller influence of coning motion frequency and cone angle on this algorithm， thus this algorithm is better than traditional algorithm under high dynamic conditions.
Keywords: strapdown attitude & heading measurement； high dynamic； coning error compensation； equivalent rotation vector
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.024
霍尔位置传感器无刷直流电机起动控制策略
荀 倩1， 吴 勇2， 王培良1， 蔡志端1
（1. 湖州师范学院工学院，浙江 湖州 313000； 2. 英威腾电气股份有限公司，江苏 苏州 215000）
摘 要：针对电机在低速起动或转速特别低时霍尔输出信号不稳定问题，结合方波控制出力大与矢量控制转矩脉动和噪声小的优点，研究基于霍尔位置传感器的无刷直流电机方波与正弦波复合控制的电机驱动器。在分析霍尔估算原理的基础上，对采用霍尔位置传感器的无刷直流电机矢量控制的起动策略进行研究，分析对比方波控制与正弦波控制在不同负载转矩时的起动性能。仿真与实验表明：为确保电机的平稳起动，根据不同起动要求的场合，可以选择正弦波直接起动和方波切换正弦波起动，该文研究的起动控制策略能有效拓宽无刷直流电机在低速大转矩场合下的应用。
关键词：方波控制；矢量控制；霍尔位置传感器；正弦波直接起动；方波切换正弦波起动
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0118-05
Starting control strategy of brushless DC motor based on Hall rotor position sensor
XUN Qian1， WU Yong2， WANG Peiliang1， CAI Zhiduan1
（1. School of Engineering，Huzhou University，Huzhou 313000，China；
2. British Witten electric Limited by Share Ltd，Suzhou 215000，China）
Abstract: To solve the problem of instability of Hall signal outputting when the motor is started at a low speed or operating at a very low speed， combining with the advantages of great output under square wave control and small torque ripple and low noise under vector control， a motor driver for square wave and sine wave controlled brushless DC motor based on Hall position sensor is designed. On the basis of analyzing the principle of Hall estimation， the starting strategy of vector control based brushless DC motor applying Hall position sensor is studied and the starting performances of square wave and sine wave controlled brushless DC motor under different load torques are compared. The simulation and experiment show that to ensure the starting stability of motor， direct sine wave starting and square wave and sine wave switching starting can be chosen according to the starting requirements under different circumstances. The starting control strategy researched in this paper has widely extended the application of brushless DC motor under low-speed and high-torque conditions.
Keywords: square wave control； vector control； Hall positon sensor； sine wave direct starting； square wave switching sine wave starting
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.025
20#钢不同晶粒度试件非线性超声特性实验研究
张 颖1， 吴 昊1， 李 彬1， 李栋山2
（1. 东北石油大学机械科学与工程学院，黑龙江 大庆 163318； 2. 北京日泰科技有限公司，北京 100012）
摘 要：传统的线性超声检测技术对微观缺陷的检测不敏感，而非线性超声检测是利用信号的频域特征来进行缺陷判别，具有独特的优势。采用RAM-5000 SNAP非线性超声检测系统，对不同晶粒度20#钢试件进行非线性超声检测实验。通过测量不同试件在相同激励条件下的基波与二次谐波幅值，得到其相关非线性系数，分析材料不同晶粒度对非线性超声特性的影响。结果表明：随着材料晶粒度的增大，超声非线性效应增强，非线性系数值不断增加。因此，利用非线性系数可以表征材料微观晶粒度的变化情况，验证非线性超声检测技术在判别材料微观组织变化中的有效性。
关键词：非线性超声；基波；二次谐波；晶粒度；非线性系数
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0123-04
Experimental research on nonlinear ultrasonic characteristics of 20# steel
specimens with different grain sizes
ZHANG Ying1， WU Hao1， LI Bin1， LI Dongshan2
（1. College of Mechanical Science and Engineering，Northeast Petroleum University，Daqing 163318，China；
2. Beijing RITEC Technology Co.，Ltd.，Beijing 100012，China）
Abstract: Conventional linear ultrasonic detection technique， as constrained by its rationale， is insensitive in microdefect detection; however， the nonlinear ultrasonic detection is of a unique advantage as it applies the characteristics in frequency domain of signal to differentiate defects. RAM-5000 SNAP nonlinear ultrasonic detection system is employed to carry out nonlinear ultrasonic detecting experiment on 20# steel test pieces with different grain sizes. By measuring the amplitudes of fundamental wave and second harmonics of different test pieces under the identical excitation conditions， associated nonlinear coefficients have been obtained and influences on nonlinear ultrasonic characteristics by different grain sizes of materials have been analyzed. Experimental results show that the enlarging of material grain size enhances the ultrasonic nonlinear effects， resulting in the continuous increase of nonlinear coefficient values. Therefore， taking use of the nonlinear coefficient enables the representation of the variation of material microscopic grain size， based on which the validity and effectiveness of nonlinear ultrasonic detection technique are verified in differentiating microstructure changes of materials.
Keywords: nonlinear ultrasonic； fundamental wave； second harmonic； grain size； nonlinear coefficient
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.026
颈部材料对亥姆霍兹共振器吸声性能的影响
陈 明1，2， 李 鹏2， 罗 斌2
（1. 贵州工业职业技术学院，贵州 贵阳 550001； 2. 东南大学 微电子机械系统教育部重点实验室，江苏 南京 210096）
摘 要：为改善亥姆霍兹共振器的吸声系数和吸声带宽，采用不同参数的穿孔材料优化共振器吸声效果。鉴于多孔传声过程较为复杂，利用平行穿孔板对声阻抗进行研究，建立颈部入口声阻抗计算模型。搭建管道声学实验台，在声学管道上游布置扬声器，在管道下游布置亥姆霍兹共振器。测量不同颈部材料下的静流阻率和吸声系数，计算共振器颈部入口声阻抗。研究表明：颈部材料中的管流效应不可忽略，穿孔率对静流阻率的影响很大，平均流速相同时，孔径越大，静流阻率越小；大孔径穿孔板具有明显优势，因此设计亥姆霍兹共振器时穿孔板孔径应大于4 mm。
关键词：亥姆霍兹；共振器；穿孔板；颈部材料；吸声
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0127-04
Neck materials influence to Helmholtz resonator sound absorption performance
CHEN Ming1，2， LI Peng2， LUO Bin2
（1. Guizhou Industry Polytechnic College，Guiyang 550001，China；
2. Key Lab of MEMS of Education Ministry，Southeast University，Nanjing 210096，China）
Abstract: To improve Helmholtz resonators’ acoustic absorptivity and sound absorption bandwidth， sound absorption materials with different parameters were used to optimize resonator sound absorption effect. In view of the porous sound transmission process complicated， parallel perforations were used in acoustic impedance study. The Helmholtz resonator neck entrance acoustic impedance calculation model has been established. The duct acoustic test bench was built， which installed speaker upstream and Helmholtz resonator downstream. Various neck materials’ static resistivity and absorption coefficient were measured. And the acoustic impedance of resonator neck entrance was calculated. Research shows that: neck materials’ tube flow effect cannot be neglected; perforation rate has a great influence on static resistivity; when average flow velocity was equal， the larger aperture， the smaller static resistivity; perforation plate with large aperture has obvious advantages， Helmholtz resonator perforation plate diameter should be greater than 4 mm.
Keywords: Helmholtz； resonator； perforation plate； neck materials； sound absorption
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.027
光触发电子测压仪可靠性设计及分析
梁彦斌1，2， 李新娥1，2， 舒跃飞1，2， 李 杨1，2
（1. 中北大学 电子测试技术国家重点实验室，山西 太原 030051；
2. 中北大学 仪器科学与动态测试教育部重点实验室，山西 太原 030051）
摘 要：针对光触发电子测压仪在多点测试过程中容易受火炮膛内复杂环境（高温、高压、强电磁）的影响等问题，通过设计合理的光窗结构，增强测压仪外壳的密封性能和整体强度；采取在光窗处附着一层电磁屏蔽薄膜的措施，降低来自火炮发射时产生的电磁干扰。在模拟复杂条件下，采用有限元分析软件对改进后的测压仪光窗及壳体进行强度仿真，同时对壳体的电磁屏蔽性能进行分析。仿真结果表明：改进后的光触发电子测压仪壳体满足膛压测试要求，电磁屏蔽性能得到进一步改善。通过实验测试，验证光触发结构设计的合理性和有效性，达到系统的设计要求。
关键词：激光触发；可靠性设计；仿真；电磁屏蔽
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0131-04
Reliability design and simulation analysis of light trigger electronic manometer
LIANG Yanbin1，2， LI Xin’e1，2， SHU Yuefei1，2， LI Yang1，2
（1． National Key Laboratory for Electronic Measurement Technology，North University of China，
Taiyuan 030051，China；
2． Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science and Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education，
North University of China，Taiyuan 030051，China）
Abstract: The study designs reasonable optical window structure， enhances manometer shell sealing performance and strength for solving problems such as light-triggered electronic manometer easily influenced by the complex environment（high temperature， high pressure and strong electromagnetic interference） of the artillery chamber pressure in the process of multipoint test. The external electromagnetic interference is reduced by attaching a layer of electromagnetic shield film to the optical window. In conditions of complicated simulation， finite element analysis software is used for high intensity simulation to improved optical window and shell of manometer and analysis on shell electromagnetic shielding performance. The simulation results show that the improved light-triggered electronic manometer meets chamber pressure testing requirements and the electromagnetic shielding performance has been further improved. The rationality and effectiveness of light triggered structural design meet the system design requirements.
Keywords: light trigger； reliability design； simulation； electromagnetic shield
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.028
电镀砂轮磨粒等高性影响磨削性能研究
师超钰， 冯克明， 朱建辉
（郑州磨料磨具磨削研究所有限公司，河南 郑州 450000）
摘 要：为解决电镀砂轮表面磨粒等高性差导致的磨削性能不佳的问题，提出磨粒等高性的测量方法和量化指标（Hr和Hs），采用金刚石滚轮对砂轮进行微量修整，检测磨削功率和磨削表面质量以评价砂轮磨削性能，分析磨粒等高性与砂轮磨削性能的关系。实验结果表明：微量修整可以明显提高电镀砂轮表面磨粒的等高性，从而改善磨削表面振纹和粗糙度，但应防止修整钝化；为获得良好修整效果，通过Hr定量分析，修整前Hr值不能大于磨粒直径的30%，修整后不宜大于磨粒直径的8%。
关键词：电镀砂轮；磨粒等高性；表征参数；磨削性能
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0135-06
Research on influences of grain height consistency on grinding
performance of electroplated wheel
SHI Chaoyu， FENG Keming， ZHU Jianhui
（Zhengzhou Research Institute for Abrasive & Grinding Co.，Ltd.， Zhengzhou 450000，China）
Abstract: To solve the problem of poor grinding capability of electroplated grinding wheel caused by the difference of height consistency of grains on surface electroplated grinding wheel， the measurement methods and quantification indexes（Hr and Hs） were proposed. Meanwhile， a precise dressing was carried out for the grinding wheel with a diamond roller， and the grinding performance was evaluated through monitoring the grinding power and grinding surface quality， and then， the correlation between grain height consistency and grinding performance of grinding wheel was analyzed. The results demonstrate that precise dressing can improve grain height consistency on the surface of electroplated grinding wheel distinctly， which can also improve the chatter mark and roughness of the grinding surface; however， blunt dressing should be avoided. In order to achieve great dressing effects， the value of Hr before dressing should not exceed 30% of the grain diameters and the value of Hr should not exceed 8% of the grain diameters after dressing based on Hr quantitative analysis.
Keywords: electroplated grinding wheel； grain height consistency； characterization parameters； grinding performance
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.08.029
基于有限元法的车身振动与噪声特性研究
蒋冬清， 李三雁
（四川大学锦城学院，四川 成都 611731）
摘 要：针对某客车车型，介绍车身结构振动与噪声特性研究的有限元法，即模态分析和频率响应分析方法的具体实施过程。采用MSC-Nastran 2010软件，选用壳单元类型，按前后各一个吊耳的实际结构定义边界条件。模态分析的结果提示车身结构前10阶固有频率应避开发动机经常工作的频率，并可以判断有无局部模态产生及其发生的位置，确定位置后应予以刚度优化，以避免影响其车身NVH特性。通过有限元法的频率响应分析可获得在任何一个稳态激励下车身结构任意一点的位移、速度、加速度响应，判断是否存在局部共振现象，能够较早地预测结构动态设计不足的问题，以改善车身结构NVH特性。
关键词：振动与噪声；有限元法；模态分析；频率响应
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）08-0141-04
Finite element method-based study on vehicle vibration and noise characteristics
JIANG Dongqing， LI Sanyan
（Jincheng College of Sichuan University，Chengdu 611731，China）
Abstract: This paper introduced finite element method to the study on the vehicle structural vibration and noise characteristics regarding designated passenger vehicle types， namely， the specific implementation of modal analysis and frequency response analysis. With the aid of MSC-Nastran 2010 software， shell element is selected as the element type and boundary conditions is defined in reference to the physical structure of two lifting lugs at front and rear in respective. Implied from the modal analysis result， the first ten natural frequencies of vehicle structure shall be differentiated from the normal operating frequency of motor and whether any local mode is formed and it location can be identified. The spotted location shall have its stiffness optimized to eliminate impact on NVH performance of vehicle body. Through finite element method-based frequency response analysis， displacement， velocity and acceleration response of and from any structural point under steady state excitation can be obtained to determine whether there is any local resonance， so as to make an early move to forecast deficiencies in structural dynamic design and improve the vehicle structural NVH performance.
Keywords: vibration and noise； finite element method； modal analysis； frequency response
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