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doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.001
水下爆炸条件下近药包表面能量测试技术研究
潘建强， 盛振新， 毛海斌， 刘建湖， 张显丕
（中国船舶科学研究中心，江苏 无锡 214082）
摘 要：为测量水下爆炸条件下近药包表面的能量，提出基于预制飞片圆筒的水下爆炸条件下近药包表面能量测试技术。首先，采用AUTODYN软件，对水下爆炸条件下自由场和作用在飞片上的能流密度进行数值计算，通过对比两者随爆距的变化规律，对预制飞片圆筒间接获取近药包表面能量的可行性进行论证。然后，采用激光位移传感器和探针测量爆炸后的飞片速度，进而将飞片的动能除以面积计算得到作用在飞片上的能流密度。将能流密度的测试值与计算值进行对比，两者基本一致，表明采用预制飞片圆筒来测量水下爆炸条件下近药包表面的能量是可行的，同时验证飞片速度测量系统的有效性，为近药包表面载荷特性的理论研究和试验测试提供技术基础。
关键词：预制飞片圆筒；水下爆炸；近药包表面能量；测试技术
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0001-08
Research on the measurement technology of energy near the charge for
underwater explosion
PAN Jianqiang， SHENG Zhenxin， MAO Haibin， LIU Jianhu， ZHANG Xianpi
（China Ship Scientific Research Center，Wuxi 214082，China）
Abstract: In order to measure the energy near the charge surface for underwater explosion， a pre-grooved cylinder was proposed to measure the energy near the charge. At first， the energy density in the free field and on the flyer were calculated with AUTODYN， the changes in energy density as distance changes were compared， which demonstrated the feasibility of energy measurement with pre-grooved cylinder. Then， the laser displacement sensor and probe were used to measure the flyer velocity. Based on the velocity， the energy density on the flyer could be calculated. Then， the measured energy density on the flyer and energy density in the free field were compared， and they were found accordant. The results prove that the pre-grooved cylinder could be used to measure the energy near the charge surface， which could provide technology support for theoretical research and experiment measurement of underwater explosion load characteristics near the charge.
Keywords: pre-grooved cylinder； underwater explosion； energy near the charge； measurement technology
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.002
有机玻璃在宽温度、宽应变率范围压缩性能实验研究
胡文军， 陈勇梅， 谢若泽， 敬 华， 何 鹏
（中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621900）
摘 要：采用分离式Hopkinson压杆实验装置和材料试验机对有机玻璃（PMMA）进行不同温度和不同应变率的压缩实验研究，获得PMMA在-70～120 ℃温度范围和10-4/s～103/s应变率范围内应力应变曲线，分析应变率和温度对PMMA屈服应力和屈服应变的影响规律。结果表明：屈服应力随温度降低和应变率升高而增大，屈服应变随温度降低而增加；在不同应变率范围内，屈服应变随应变率增加的变化规律较为复杂。在-70～120 ℃温度范围和低应变率条件下，屈服应力和应变与温度关系可以用线性方程和带指数函数多项式进行描述，在室温条件和应变率为10-4/s～103/s范围内,屈服应力随对数应变率呈双线性关系增加，而屈服应变与应变率的关系较为复杂。
关键词：有机玻璃；应变率；压缩实验；屈服应力；力学性能
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0009-04
Experimental study on compressive property of PMMA within wide
temperature and wide strain rate range
HU Wenjun， CHEN Yongmei， XIE Ruoze， JING Hua， HE Peng
（Institute of Systems Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621900，China）
Abstract: Compression test research on polymethyl methacrylate （PMMA） has been carried out under different temperatures and strain rates by split-Hopkinson compression bar test device and material testing machine， and the stress-strain curves of PMMA within the temperature range of -70-120 ℃ and strain rate range in 10-4-103/s were obtained and the influence rule of strain rate and temperature on yield stress and yield strain of PMMA was also analyzed. The results showed that the yield stress increases with the decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate and the yield strain increases with the decreasing temperature. Within different strain rate range， the change rule that yield strain increases with the strain rate is complicated. Under the temperature of -70 ℃ to 120 ℃ and low strain rate， the relation of yield stress and strain and temperature can be described by linear equation and exponential function polynomial. Within the range of room temperature and strain rate being 10-4-103/s， the yield stress increases in bilinear relation along with the logarithmic strain rate. Besides， the relation between yield strain and strain rate is relatively complicated.
Keywords: PMMA； strain rate； compressive experiment； yield stress； mechanical property
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.003
爆轰数值模拟中物理模型分层确认实验研究
王瑞利1， 梁 霄1，2
（1. 北京应用物理与计算数学研究所，北京 100094； 2. 山东科技大学数学学院，山东 青岛 266590）
摘 要：高可信度数值模拟软件已成为工程设计与事故分析的重要支撑，基于实验测量数据对复杂物理模型与多物理过程数值模拟软件可信度量化是发展高可信度数值模拟软件的最佳途径。炸药爆轰过程模拟采用物理模型大多是唯象建模，含有认知与偶然混合型不确定度，发展高置信度数值模拟软件必须基于实验数据量化其各类不确定度。文章基于验证与确认（V&V）方法，明确定义模型分层确认中单一实验、基准实验、子系统试验和全系统试验的概念与内涵，据此构建炸药爆轰弹塑性流体力学数值模拟中物理模型分层确认树型图，此树型图为炸药爆轰过程物理模型确认所需确认试验及模型分层确认提供策略，并建议据此分层确认试验开展单层与跨层物理模型的不确定度量化，为研制高可信度数值模拟软件提供有效可行方法。
关键词：爆轰数值模拟；物理模型；分层确认方法；确认试验；不确定度量化
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0013-08
Research on validation experiment hierarchy of validation for physical
modeling in numerical simulation of detonation
WANG Ruili1， LIANG Xiao1，2
（1. Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics，Beijing 100094，China；
2. College of Mathematics，Shandong University of Science and Technology，Qingdao 266590，China）
Abstract: Numerical simulation software with high confidence has become an important technology in engineering design and accident analysis. Quantification the confidence degree of numerical simulation software in complex physical model and multi-physics process is usually done through experiment data, it has become the most appropriate approach in developing high confidential numerical simulation software. The physical model used in the numerical simulation of explosive detonation is phenomenological in reality. Both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties exist in the model, so different types of uncertainties in experiment data must be quantified to develop high confidential numerical simulation software. These uncertainties must be quantified to develop high confidential numerical simulation technique. This paper utilizes the verification and validation (V&V) methodology to describe the procedure, principle and concept of benchmark experiments, subsystem cases, unit problems, and integer-system experiments. Then, we use this method to construct the hierarchy tiers of physical modeling in the numerical simulation of explosive detonation fluid dynamics with elastic and plastic terms. These tiers provide a strategy for validation of physical model of explosive detonation. Then uncertainty quantification of single tiers and trans-ties are executed respectively through the hierarchy ties method. The methodology used in this paper is proved to be efficient in developing high confidential numerical simulation software.
Keywords: numerical simulation of detonation process； physical model； validation hierarchy methodology； validation experiment； uncertainty quantification
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.004
爆炸冲击波参数薄膜测试法研究
姬建荣1， 苏健军1， 孔德仁2， 潘 文1， 胡东常1， 张俊锋1
（1. 西安近代化学研究所，陕西 西安 710065； 2. 南京理工大学机械工程学院，江苏 南京 210094）
摘 要：为可靠获取爆炸冲击波超压参数，设计一种铝箔薄膜结构进行实验。通过控制材料状态、结构频率特性等参数，使其满足一定毁伤准则，建立力学模型对其进行分析。利用激波管装置对薄膜变形进行标定，并将激波反射载荷转换为入射压，采用最小二乘法进行线性拟合，得到薄膜最大变形挠度与激波入射压峰值之间关系。结果表明，可通过铝箔薄膜最大变形挠度反映爆炸场中0.05～0.35 MPa范围内的入射冲击波超压，为冲击波测试工程应用提供新的途径。
关键词：爆炸力学；冲击波；薄膜；激波管；挠度
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0021-04
The study on membrane method for parameter measurement of explosion shock wave
JI Jianrong1， SU Jianjun1， KONG Deren2， PAN Wen1， HU Dongchang1， ZHANG Junfeng1
（1. Xi’an Modern Chemistry Research Institute，Xi’an 710065，China；
2. School of Mechanical Engineering，Nanjing University of Science and Technology，Nanjing 210094，China）
Abstract: A kind of aluminum membrane was designed to get the shock wave overpressure parameters reliably which was made to meet certain damage criteria through controlling the state parameters of materials and structural frequency characteristics， and a mechanical model was established to analyze the process. Then the shock tube was used to calibrate the deformation of membrane， the relationship between max deformation deflection of the membrane and incident overpressure that was converted from reflection load pressure was established through linear fitting by least squares method. The results show that max deformation deflection of the aluminum foil membrane can reflect the scope of explosion incident shock wave overpressure from 0.05 MPa to 0.35 MPa. It can provide a new way for blast engineering test application.
Keywords: explosion mechanics； shock wave； membrane； shock tube； deflection
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.005
混凝土靶内爆炸应力波测量方法研究
黄家蓉， 王 幸， 吴 飚， 徐翔云， 余尚江
（61489部队，河南 洛阳 471023）
摘 要：为研究爆炸试验中靶内应力波传播规律的测试方法，设计PVDF压力传感器和碳阻式压力传感器进行试验研究。用环氧树脂对压力传感器接口及导线进行防水防潮密封处理，传感器安装用角铁做支架。为避免传感器结构对应力波传播的影响，将不同长度的角铁周向焊接在铁筒上，传感器用A、B胶粘接在角铁上。在混凝土圆筒靶中，距爆心不同距离周向布置6组应力波测点，埋设PVDF压力传感器和碳阻式压力传感器，进行2炮静爆试验。试验结果表明：两种传感器均测到应力波波形，PVDF压力传感器测试效果比碳阻式压力传感器测试效果好，在距爆点最近的测点，2种传感器的测试波形非常接近。
关键词：混凝土；靶内测试；PVDF压力传感器；碳阻式压力传感器
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0025-04
Research on stress wave measurement method in concrete target in explosion
HUANG Jiarong， WANG Xing， WU Biao， XU Xiangyun， YU Shangjiang
（Unit 61489，PLA，Luoyang 471023，China）
Abstract: PVDF pressure sensor and carbon resistive pressure sensor are designed for test and research on test method of stress wave transmission law in target in explosion tests. Epoxy resin is used for the waterproof， damp-proof and sealing treatment of interface and wire of sensor and angle iron are used as a support for the installation of sensor. To prevent sensor structure affecting the transmission of stress wave， angle irons of different lengths are welded on the metal cylinder circumferentially and a sensor is bound on angle iron with A/B glue. In the concrete cylinder target， 6 groups of stress wave measurement points are circumferentially arranged at different distances from the explosion core and PVDF pressure sensor and carbon resistive pressure sensor are buried to have 2 shot blasting tests. Test results show that both sensors detect stress wave and the PVDF pressure sensor has better testing effects than the carbon resistive pressure sensor and they have very similar waveform at the nearest point to the explosion core.
Keywords: concrete； in-target test； PVDF pressure sensor； carbon resistive pressure sensor
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.006
一种实现壳体柱面膨胀加载的实验技术研究
张绍兴， 丁亮亮， 李翔宇， 张震宇， 卢芳云
（国防科学技术大学理学院，湖南 长沙 410073）
摘 要：为分析金属壳体在柱面高压加载下的膨胀规律、结构强度和失效模式，设计一种实现壳体柱面膨胀加载的实验装置。该装置采用三轴试验机对高聚物填充物进行轴向压缩，填充物发生侧向膨胀从而实现对金属壳体内侧柱面的均匀加载，金属柱壳内侧压力和径向变形通过三轴试验机的轴压伺服系统、薄膜压力传感器和引伸计进行测量。利用该装置对含缺陷的LY-12硬铝柱壳进行加载得到在柱面加载下不同结构金属柱壳环向的拉伸应力和相对变形的关系，并发现金属柱壳在高强度柱面加载下发生剪切断裂失效，验证该加载测试方法的有效性，为研究材料和结构在柱面加载下的力学响应和失效模式提供依据。
关键词：金属圆柱壳；柱面膨胀加载；压力变形关系；失效模式
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0029-05
Research on a metal cylindrical shell expansion loading technique
ZHANG Shaoxing， DING Liangliang， LI Xiangyu， ZHANG Zhenyu， LU Fangyun
（College of Science，National University of Defense Technology，Changsha 410073，China）
Abstract: An expansion loading experimental facility is established to analyze the expansion rule， structure strength and failure mode of the metal cylindrical shell under high pressure. An axial compression is firstly loaded on the filling polymer via rock triaxial testing system（RTTS）， which results in a radial expanding of the polymeric filling and then consequently generate a uniform radial loading on the inner surface of the shell. Accordingly， the pressure on sidewall and radial displacement could be measured by axle load servo system， thin film pressure sensor and extensometer of the RTTS. Under this radial loading， the stress-displacement relationship of the different Duralumin LY-12 cylindrical shell with flaws is gained and these shells demonstrate shear fracture failure. This efficient loading technique has been proved to be effective， providing basis for further research on the mechanical response and the failure mode of the material and structure under cylindrical expansion loading.
Keywords: metal cylindrical shell； cylindrical expansion loading； pressure-displacement relationship； failure mode
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.007
高强混凝土层裂数值仿真
焦楚杰1， 权长青2， 张国强1， 吕卫国1， 胡 蝶1
（1. 广州大学土木工程学院，广东 广州 510006； 2. 广东石油化工学院，广东 茂名 525000）
摘 要：为军事防护工程的安全合理设计提供关键的材料特性参数，研究高强混凝土（HSC）在冲击作用下的动态性能响应，采用软件LS-DYNA对C80级HSC在霍普金森压杆（HPB）装置上的冲击层裂过程进行数值仿真分析。仿真表明：应力波在混凝土试块的传播过程中，波形基本保持不变，且峰值震荡不明显；随着冲击速度的增大，混凝土试块的破坏越来越严重；横截面内层裂裂缝由试块表面向内部扩展。数值仿真结果与试验结果有较好的相似性，基本能够反映出HSC试块在HPB冲击层裂试验过程中的受力与破坏特征，由试验结果修正后的HJC本构参数可为后续HSC层裂性能的进一步研究提供参考。
关键词：高强混凝土（HSC）；层裂；数值仿真；应力波
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0034-06
Numerical simulation on spalling of high strength concrete
JIAO Chujie1， QUAN Changqing2， ZHANG Guoqiang1， L?譈 Weiguo1， HU Die1
（1. School of Civil Engineering，Guangzhou University，Guangzhou 510006，China；
2. Architecture and Civil Engineering Institute，Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology，
Maoming 525000，China）
Abstract: Numerical simulation analysis is performed for the impact spalling process of C80 high strength concrete on the Hopkinson pressure bar （HPB） device by software LS-DYNA to study dynamic response performance of high strength concrete under impact effect for providing key material characteristic parameters in safe and reasonable design of military protection engineering. The simulation results show that the stress waveform basically keeps invariant and the vibration of peak stress is not obvious in the propagation process of concrete specimen; with the increase of impact velocity， the damage of hybrid fiber reinforced high strength concrete is more and more serious; the spalling crack is extended from the surface to the inside within the specimen cross section. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate a good similarity to those of experiment， and basically show the characteristic of dynamic load application and failure of the HSC specimens during the HPB spalling experiment. The modified HJC constitutive parameters can provide reference for further study on the spalling performance of concrete in the future.
Keywords: high strength concrete（HSC）； spalling； numerical simulation； stress wave
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.008
纯钒的动态压缩力学性能实验研究
谢若泽， 胡文军， 黄西成， 张方举
（中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621900）
摘 要：为研究纯钒在常温下的动态压缩力学性能，采用霍普金森压杆（SHPB）对其进行应变率效应实验并采用应变冻结法对其进行应变累积实验，给出纯钒在常温下的动态压缩应力应变曲线，研究应变历史对材料性能的影响，并与电弧熔炼钒合金进行比较，结果表明：在应变率为4 430 s-1时，纯钒的流变应力为564 MPa，比应变率810 s-1时的437 MPa提高29％，纯钒具有明显的应变率效应；应变历史虽然对纯钒有影响，但其影响并不强烈；电弧熔炼钒合金的强度远高于纯钒。
关键词：纯钒；动态压缩；应变率；应变历史
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0040-05
Experimental study on dynamic compressive mechanical properties of pure vanadium
XIE Ruoze， HU Wenjun， HUANG Xicheng， ZHANG Fangju
（Institute of Systems Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621900，China）
Abstract: Strain rate effect tests and cumulated strain tests of pure vanadium by means of the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar （SHPB） were carried out at room temperature. The effects of strain rate and strain cumulating on the dynamic compressive mechanical properties of pure vanadium were studied and compared with that of the vanadium alloys by arc melting method. The experimental results show that the flow stress of pure vanadium is 564 MPa when the strain rate is 4 430 s-1，which is 29% higher than 437Mpa when the strain rate is 810 s-1，the dynamic properties of pure vanadium exhibit obvious sensitivity to the strain rates， the strain history affects the dynamic properties of pure vanadium，but the influence is constraiend， the strength of the vanadium alloys by arc melting method is higher than the pure vanadium.
Keywords: pure vanadium； dynamic compression； strain rate； strain history
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.009
动态断裂韧性实验中DIC技术应用研究
曲 嘉1， 李东昌1， 黄 超2
（1. 哈尔滨工程大学，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150001； 2. 哈尔滨理工大学，黑龙江 哈尔滨 150080）
摘 要：高速冲击动态断裂韧性的加载和测试技术一直是近年关注的热点，随着计算机和光学传感器的发展，采用数字图像相关方法测量材料的动态断裂韧性已成为重要选择。该文基于分离式Hopkinson压杆原理的加载技术，通过高速摄影机拍摄高速冲击下三点弯曲试样裂纹的起裂和扩展，运用数字图像相关技术分析裂尖场的散斑图像，计算得到相应的应变场变化，试样外表面处于平面应力状态，其裂尖应变场呈现“0”型，而非试样对称面所处于的平面应力状态下呈“8”型。结果表明，DIC技术可以应用于动态断裂韧性实验，也证明裂尖场粘贴的应变片测量试样起裂的有效性。
关键词：数字图像相关；动态断裂韧性；分离式霍普金森压杆；不锈钢
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0045-04
Application of digital image correlation method in dynamic fracture toughness testing
QU Jia1， LI Dongchang1， HUANG Chao2
（1. Harbin Engineering University，Harbin 150001，China；
2. Harbin University of Science and Technology，Harbin 150080，China）
Abstract: The high speed dynamic fracture toughness loading and testing technology has become the focus of the public. With the development of computer and optical sensors， measuring the dynamic fracture toughness of materials with digital image correlation method has become an important choice. Based on the principle of split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) loading technique， a high-speed camera was used to photograph crack initiation and propagation process of three-point bending specimen under high-speed shocking， and analyze the speckle image of crack tip by digital image correlation method. The developing processing of strain field was obtained. In conclusion， the outside surface of the specimen is in plane stress state and the strain field of the crack tip is in “0” shape instead of the "8" shape. The results showed that the DIC technique could be applied to the dynamic fracture toughness test， and it also proves the effectiveness of the strain gage measuring the crack initiation.
Keywords: digital image correlation； dynamic fracture toughness； SHPB； stainless steel
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.010
HRB500钢筋混凝土梁静动态受弯承载力试验研究
李 磊1，2， 何 翔1，2， 孙 敖1， 王世合1，2， 高 杰1
（1. 61489部队，河南 洛阳 471023； 2. 河南省特种防护材料重点实验室，河南 洛阳 471023）
摘 要：为研究HRB500钢筋混凝土简支梁的受弯承载力，进行7组21根适筋梁的静、动态三分点弯曲加载试验，分别采用0.6%、1.0%两种配筋率，C40、C60两种强度等级的混凝土，3种加载速度，获得梁的截面应变分布曲线，以及开裂载荷、屈服载荷、极限载荷和延性比等参数。通过对比分析试验结果，认为在动态载荷作用下，平截面假定依然成立，梁的开裂载荷可提升1倍以上，屈服载荷和极限载荷有小幅提升。动态屈服载荷可采用静载时的计算方法进行计算，但需要将钢筋和混凝土的静态强度替换为动态强度。梁的延性比基本不受加载速度的影响，配筋率越高的梁延性比越低。
关键词：HRB500钢筋；混凝土梁；动态试验；屈服载荷；延性比
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0049-07
Static and dynamic experimental investigation on flexural bearing
capacity of HRB500 reinforced concrete beam
LI Lei1，2， HE Xiang1，2， SUN Ao1， WANG Shihe1，2， GAO Jie1
（1. Unit 61489 PLA，Luoyang 471023，China；
2. He’nan Key Laboratory of Special Protective Materials，Luoyang 471023，China）
Abstract: In order to study the flexural bearing capacity of HRB500 reinforced concrete simple supported beam， static and dynamic tests of three dividing point loading were carried out. 21 beams in 7 groups were tested under 3 different loading speeds. The reinforcement ratio was 0.6% and 1.0% respectively， and the strength grade of concrete was C40 and C60 respectively. The strain distribution in the section， cracking load， yield load， ultimate load and ductility ratio were obtained. The comparative analysis of the experiment results show that， under dynamic load， plane section assumption is also tenable， and the cracking load of beam is significantly raised more than one time. The yield load and ultimate load increased a little. The dynamic yield load can be calculated by the method derived from static load condition， but the static strength of rebar and concrete must be replaced by the dynamic strength. The ductility ratio of beam is basically not influnced by loading speed， but it is lower when the reinforcement ratio is higher.
Keywords: HRB500 rebar； concrete beam； dynamic experiment； yield load; ductility ratio
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.011
隔振缓冲元件轴向拉伸冲击特性检测方法
陈 辉， 潘建强， 刘建湖
（中国船舶科学研究中心，江苏 无锡 214082）
摘 要：水下非接触爆炸攻击作用下，隔振缓冲元件必然会产生剧烈的冲击压缩及拉伸响应，大量的实船及模型试验表明轴向拉伸往往会造成比轴向压缩更为严重的后果。但国内对于隔振缓冲元件拉伸条件下的冲击特性研究较少，相关特性参数的缺失已严重影响设备抗冲击能力的设计及计算，需要开展一些探索性的工作。为此，基于落锤冲击法，提出一套有、无预压条件下隔振缓冲元件轴向拉伸冲击特性参数的测试方法，并分别对两种型号的橡胶型隔振器开展拉伸冲击特性检测。通过试验结果与基础冲击法试验结果比对，表明采用落锤冲击法开展隔振缓冲元件轴向拉伸冲击特性的测试是可行的。同时，该文的试验结果也可为选择合适的隔振缓冲元件轴向拉伸和压缩冲击特性参数检测方法提供依据。
关键词：隔振缓冲元件；轴向拉伸；落锤冲击法；冲击特性
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0056-07
The detection method for axial tensile shock characteristics of isolators
CHEN Hui， PAN Jianqiang， LIU Jianhu
（China Ship Scientific Research Center，Wuxi 214082，China）
Abstract: Non-contact underwater explosion will produce severe shock compress and tensile response of the isolators. Many real ship and model tests show that axial tensile will cause a more serious consequence than axial compress generally. However， there is very limited research on the shock characteristics of isolators under tensile conditions in domestic， and the lack of the relevant characteristic parameters has severely influenced the design and calculation of impact resistance of equipment. Thus exploratory works should be carried out. Therefore， the detection method of the axial tensile shock characteristics of isolators with and without preload is proposed based on the drop-hammer impact tests and tensile impact characteristics test is also respectively carried out for the two types of rubber isolator. Based on the comparison of test results and foundation impact test results， it shows that detection method of the axial tensile impact characteristics of the isolator based on the drop-hammer impact test is feasible and the test results can also provide basis for choosing an appropriate detection method for axial tensile and compression impact characteristic parameters of isolators.
Keywords: isolator； axial tensile； drop impact test； shock characteristic
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.012
猪下肢骨骼的冲击压缩试验研究
李 昕， 陈 利， 张庆明， 张爱法， 马 刚
（北京理工大学 爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081）
摘 要：水下爆炸或者陆地触雷爆炸时，人下肢骨骼极易损伤，为研究冲击载荷作用下股骨、胫骨的动态力学性能以及它们不同部位动态力学性能的分布规律，利用分离式Hopkinson压杆（SHPB）分别对股骨、胫骨的不同部位进行不同应变率下的动态压缩实验。分别得到股骨和胫骨不同部位在不同应变率下的压缩变形情况以及应力应变曲线，进一步得到它们在冲击压缩下的抗压强度。研究表明：股骨，胫骨都对应变率具有较大的依赖性；在冲击压缩条件下，股骨和胫骨动态力学性能都表现出两端较弱，中部较强的分布规律，该研究成果对以后提高人体的抗冲击能力，加强人体冲击伤的救治与防护具有一定参考价值。
关键词：股骨；胫骨；分离式霍普金森压杆；冲击压缩
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0063-05
Research on shock compression test of pig’s lower limb
LI Xin， CHEN Li， ZHANG Qingming， ZHANG Aifa， MA Gang
（State Key Laboratory of Expansion Science and Technology，Beijing Institute of Technology，
Beijing 100081，China）
Abstract: Lower limbs of human beings are very easy to be injured by underwater or land mine explosion. This research attempts to understand the femur and shank’s dynamic properties and dynamic mechanical distribution law of their different parts under shock load. This paper uses split-Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） to conduct dynamic compressive test on femur and tibia under different strain rates for the purpose of acquiring compression deformation and stress-strain curve thereof and further acquiring compressive strength under compact impression. Research shows femur and shank have highly dependency on strain rate and they also demonstrate a strong central distribution along with two weak ends in the aspect of dynamic mechanical properties. This research has practical value to impact resistance and injury’s treatment and prevention.
Keywords: femur； tibia； SHPB； shock compression
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.013
PDV法测量内部爆炸作用下沙墙外层速度
史国凯， 杨 军， 刘文祥， 张 敏， 王 昭， 徐海斌， 唐仕英， 胡华权， 惠海龙
（西北核技术研究所，陕西 西安 710024）
摘 要：为研究爆炸波与沙墙相互作用机理，采用光子多普勒速度测量技术（PDV）获得内部爆炸作用下沙墙外层速度。设计一维点对称模型的实验构型，制备系列透明的塑料壳体；先将球形装药放置于球壳中心，再将细沙装入壳体形成封闭的球壳沙墙。对4发不同比距离的沙墙进行PDV测速实验，均获得沙墙外层的速度历程。在爆炸当量最大的一发实验中，其沙墙外层的速度值在首峰约520 m/s后先略有下降再继续上升，在有效时长末端达到最大约690 m/s。实验证明：在爆炸波与沙墙相互作用机理的研究中，光子多普勒速度测量技术可以发挥一定的作用。
关键词：爆炸力学；光子多普勒速度测量技术；沙墙外层速度；内部爆炸
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0068-04
Photonic Doppler velocimetry of outer layer of sand wall under
internal explosion loading
SHI Guokai， YANG Jun， LIU Wenxiang， ZHANG Min， WANG Zhao， XU Haibin， TANG Shiying，
HU Huaquan， HUI Hailong
（Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology，Xi’an 710024，China）
Abstract: To study the interactive mechanism between blast wave and sand wall， the velocity histories of outer layer of sand wall under internal explosion loading were obtained based on photonic Doppler velocimetry（PDV）. The experimental configuration of one-dimensional point symmetry model was designed and series of transparent plastic shell were produced. Spherical charging device was placed in the center of a closed spherical shell， and the shell was filled with sand， forming a spherical shell sand wall. Four sand walls with different scaled distances were tested based on PDV diagnostics， and the velocity histories of outer layer of sand wall were obtained. In the test with biggest explosive yield， after its first peak， about 520 m/s， the velocity of outer layer of sand wall firstly decreased a little and then continued to rise to 690 m/s at most at the end of the effective duration. Therefore， during the study on the interactive mechanism between blast wave and sand wall， the PDV was proven to be useful.
Keywords: explosion mechanics； photonic Doppler velocimetry； velocity of outer layer of sand wall； internal explosion
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.014
NiTi合金动态断裂过程的实验和数值方法研究
韩悌信， 曾祥国， 郭 杨， 杨 鑫， 陈华燕， 李 洋
（四川大学建筑与环境学院，四川 成都 610065）
摘 要：为获得NiTi合金的动态起裂韧度和动态扩展速度与动态加载率之间的定量变化规律。利用分离式霍普金森压杆（SHPB）测试系统对单边三点弯曲试样（SENB）进行冲击加载试验，采用实验-有限元相结合的方法，获得动态断裂参数随时间的变化规律。SENB试样裂纹起裂时刻和裂纹扩展速度由粘贴在裂纹尖端的裂纹扩展计（CPG）测定。采用上述方法和数据获得NiTi合金的I型动态起裂韧度和动态扩展速度。实验结果表明：裂纹扩展计测得的起裂时刻与粘贴在同一试样上的监裂应变片测得的结果基本相符，因此可以利用裂纹扩展计代替传统的监裂应变片来监测裂纹起裂时刻，并获得NiTi合金的起裂韧度。同时，可以利用裂纹扩展计（CPG）获得裂纹动态扩展过程，绘制出裂纹扩展速度与时间的关系曲线，从而探讨NiTi合金的动态断裂韧度和裂纹扩展速度与动态加载率之间的定量变化规律。
关键词：霍普金森杆；数值方法；NiTi合金；裂纹扩展计；动态断裂过程
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0072-07
The study of experimental and numerical methods for dynamic fracture
process of NiTi alloy
HAN Tixin， ZENG Xiangguo， GUO Yang， YANG Xin， CHEN Huayan， LI Yang
（College of Architecture and Environment，Sichuan University，Chengdu 610065，China）
Abstract: To obtain a quantitative change rule between the dynamic initial fracture toughness， dynamic crack propagation speed and dynamic loading rate of NiTi alloy， an impact loading test was conducted on single edge notched three-point bending（SENB） specimens with the split Hopkinson pressure bar（SHPB） test system based on the experimental-FEM method to figure out the variation rules of dynamic fracture parameters of NiTi alloy. The time of crack initiation and the crack extension speed were measured by the crack propagation gauge（CPG） pasted near the crack tip of the specimen. It is feasible to measure the initiation fracture toughness and crack propagation speed of Type I NiTi alloy by taking the aforementioned method. According to the test results： the crack initiation time displayed on the CPG is roughly in line with the result on the crack strain gage pasted on the same specimen. So the CPG can be used as crack strain gage， which can also measure the fracture toughness of NiTi alloy. In addition， the dynamic crack propagation process can be obtained with the CPG. According to the dynamic crack propagation process， the relation curve between crack propagation speed and time can be drawn out. In this way， the quantitative change rule between the dynamic fracture toughness， dynamic crack propagation speed and dynamic loading rate of NiTi alloy can be worked out.
Keywords: SHPB system； numerical method； NiTi alloy； crack propagation gauge； dynamic fracture process
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.015
不同加载速率下木材失效行为的多尺度数值分析
钟卫洲， 邓志方， 魏 强， 陈 刚， 黄西成
（中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621999）
摘 要：基于云杉微观结构特征，建立代表体积元模型，对顺纹和横纹压缩下云杉大变形行为进行数值模拟，获得材料各向异性和宽平台应力特性。数值模拟涉及准静态、5，50，500 m/s 4种加载速率，结果表明剪切滑移和屈曲塌陷是木材顺纹压缩的主要失效模式；横纹压缩则体现为胞墙褶皱和循序塌陷。加载速率对顺纹压缩影响高于横纹方向加载，高速加载时木材在轴向压缩下呈现花瓣形破坏，而横纹压缩则表现为压缩膨胀断裂；相对于高速加载，低速加载下木材变形表现为更均匀、平稳。
关键词：云杉；多尺度模型；代表体积元；数值模拟
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0079-06
Multi-scale numerical analysis on failure behavior of wood under different
speed loading conditions
ZHONG Weizhou， DENG Zhifang， WEI Qiang， CHEN Gang， HUANG Xicheng
（Institute of Systems Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621999，China）
Abstract: Based on spruce microstructure characteristic， representative volume element model of spruce cell is established. Large deformation of wood in axial and transverse compression is simulated in the study. Spruce orthotropic and wide range stress plateau behavior is described. Numerical simulations of several loading velocities， quasi-static， 5m/s， 50m/s and 500m/s， are performed to analyze loading rate influence on wood microstructure deformation. The results show shear sliding and buckling collapse are the main failure modes for wood axial quasi-static compression. Transverse compression is with cell wall folding and gradual collapse. Loading velocity has a greater influence in axial compression than transverse compression. High loading velocity induces wood petal failure in axial compression. On the contrary， impact end is with expanding fracture for transverse loading. Comparing with high velocity compression， deformation is obviously stable and uniform in low velocity compression process.
Keywords: spruce； multi-scale model； representative volume element； numerical simulation
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.016
不同尺寸装药烤燃特性的数值模拟研究
吴世永， 王伟力， 苗 润， 吕鹏博， 刘晓夏
（海军航空工程学院，山东 烟台 264001）
摘 要：为研究装药尺寸和升温速率对装药烤燃的点火位置、点火温度和点火时间的影响，该文利用有限元商业软件LS-DYNA对不同尺寸装药在不同升温速率热环境下的烤燃特性进行数值模拟研究。研究发现，不同升温速率下，装药烤燃时的点火位置随着装药直径的增加其变化路径相似，均是从装药中心沿着中心轴向两端移动，在距离上下端约1/4处离开中心轴，沿着近似直线向边缘移动。不同升温速率下，装药的点火温度和点火时间均随着装药直径的增大先减小后增大，存在一个最小值。装药直径不变时，装药的点火温度均随着升温速率的增大而增大，装药的点火时间随着升温速率的增大而缩短。
关键词：数值仿真；烤燃；点火位置；点火时间；装药尺寸
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0085-05
Numerical simulation of cook-off behavior of charge with different size
WU Shiyong， WANG Weili， MIAO Run， L?譈 Pengbo， LIU Xiaoxia
（Naval Aeronautical and Astronautical University，Yantai 264001，China）
Abstract: In order to analyse the effect of charging size and heating rate on ignition position， ignition temperature and ignition time， the cook-off behavior of charge with different size was studied at different heating rate in thermal environment using LS-DYNA. The results show that ignition position changes similarly with the increase of the charge diameter under different heating rates. The path began from the charge center， moving along the both ends in the axial， leaving the center axis at one fourth distance to the edge. At different heating rates， the ignition temperature and ignition time of the charge were decreased and then increased with the increase of the diameter of the charge. When the charge diameter is constant， the ignition temperature increases with the increase of heating rate， and the ignition time of the charge increases with the increase of heating rate.
Keywords: numerical simulation； cook-off； ignition position； ignition time； charging size
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.017
对射流成型干扰装置作用机制的X光试验研究
夏 明， 徐春雨， 李永忠， 杨程宇
（61489部队，河南 洛阳 471023）
摘 要：针对聚能弹集装储运意外爆炸条件下的殉爆问题，应用脉冲X光成像技术，分别对某型聚能弹射流在空气中自由成型及运行过程，不同材料干扰装置作用于射流成型的过程进行X光拍摄试验，获得射流未被干扰状态的基本参数和在不同材料干扰装置作用下的干扰效果X光影像，并在影像分析基础上，研究干扰装置的作用机制，为提高干扰装置的射流防护性能，提供基础试验数据。结果表明：试验用聚能弹的射流准直性良好，在54～197.4 mm炸高范围内具有较强的侵彻能力，防护困难；3种材料的干扰装置对射流成型过程都发挥显著抑制作用，射流均未成型；干扰装置的作用机制主要是施加干扰后，药型罩的受力状态发生明显改变，干扰装置使药型罩变形受阻，变形速度显著降低，最终未形成射流；强度较高、密度较大、较耐高温的材料干扰效果较好。
关键词：X光成像技术；聚能弹；射流；干扰装置；防护
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0090-05
The X-ray experimental research on the mechanism of the jet for
mation jamming device
XIA Ming， XU Chunyu， LI Yongzhong， YANG Chengyu
（The 61489 Troop of the PLA，Luoyang 471023，China）
Abstract: With regard to the induced detonation feature of shaped charge after accidental explosion in packaging and transportation process， pulsed X-ray imaging technology is applied to have X-ray photographing test on the free forming and moving process of the jet flow of one type of shaped charge in air and the process that jamming device of difference materials acts on the jet formation. Through the test， basic parameters under the condition that the jet flow is not interfered and the X-ray image of interfering effect of jamming devices of different materials are obtained. In addition， the acting mechanism of jamming device is studied on the basis of image analysis to provide data in basic test for the improvement of jet protection performance of jamming device. Results show that the shaped charge for test has good jet alignment and it has strong penetration ability within a burst height ranging 54 to197.4mm; jamming devices of three materials have obvious effects in restraining the jet formation and the jet formation always fails; the acting mechanism of jamming device is that after an interference is posed， the stress state of shaped charge liner will change obviously， the jamming device will deform and restrict the liner， the deformation speed will be decreased obviously and finally jet will not be formed; material with strong strength， large intensity and great high temperature resistance has good interfering effects.
Keywords: X-ray imaging technology； shaped charge； jet； jamming devices； protection
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.018
动能贯穿混凝土多层靶标加速度信号失真修复
游金川， 李东杰， 黄莎玲， 朱鸿志， 杨 荷
（中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621900）
摘 要：通过对动能贯穿混凝土多层靶标实验随弹加速度计实测的加速度信号失真情况分析，辨识出零点漂移误差是影响积分算法的最主要误差因素，灵敏度变化的影响相对较小。零点漂移误差可通过自由飞行段加速度计输出进行补偿。而灵敏度误差则可利用实测的入靶速度作为膛内加速过载段积分的速度参考值进行补偿。给出5种冲击加速度误差补偿方案。在对贯穿前零偏误差和传感器灵敏度误差同时进行补偿后，其解算结果最优。弹体刚性加速度的一次积分与二次积分分别与实测的出靶速度和实际位移保持较好的一致性，相对误差分别为-2.7%和0.2%。
关键词：压阻式高g值冲击加速度计；动能贯穿多层混凝土靶；误差分析；零位漂移；灵敏度
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0095-05
Recovery of distorted shock acceleration records for investigating kinetic energy
perforation of multi-layered concrete slabs
YOU Jinchuan， LI Dongjie， HUANG Shaling， ZHU Hongzhi， YANG He
（Institute of Electronic Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621900，China）
Abstract: The distorted penetration deceleration-time curve measured by the recorder-borne piezoresistive high-g shock accelerometer is analyzed. Zeroshift rather than the scale factor was identified as the principal factor in the integration algorithm. Furthermore， zeroshift can be canceled directly using accelerometer output in free-fly. While the scale factor error should be corrected by means of comparing the integrated velocity in barrel with the measured impact velocity. Five compensation schemes are provided. The best performance was achieved by the correction scheme which compensates the both error（zeroshift before penetration and scale factor error） simultaneously. The single and double integrations of compensated acceleration were consistent with the measured residual velocity after perforating and the displacement， and the relative errors were -2.7% and 0.2% respectively.
Keywords: piezoresistive high-g shock accelerometer； kinetic energy perforation multi-layered concrete slabs； error analysis； zeroshift； scale factor
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.019
两种二级铝蜂窝结构缓冲吸能特性研究
李翔城， 林玉亮， 卢芳云， 李志斌
（国防科学技术大学理学院工程物理研究所，湖南 长沙 410073）
摘 要：该文对二级串联式铝蜂窝结构和二级组合式铝蜂窝结构的缓冲吸能特性进行比较，从而实现对铝蜂窝缓冲吸能结构装置优化设计。通过准静态异面压缩实验，对两种不同正六边形胞元的铝蜂窝进行测试，分别得到这两种二级铝蜂窝结构的压缩变形过程和应力响应曲线，并对其变形机理进行分析。实验结果表明，二级串联式铝蜂窝和二级组合式铝蜂窝均能实现梯度平台应力响应，这有利于二级缓冲吸能结构的工程应用。此外，对于单轴压缩，二级组合式铝蜂窝的嵌入过程只有一个应力峰值并且其能达到更高的压实程度，但是峰值应力值较大，有待进一步优化。在吸能特性方面，与同一尺寸的二级串联式铝蜂窝缓冲器相比，组合式铝蜂窝缓冲结构的单位体积吸能效果稍强，尤其是单位质量吸能效果更好，可为缓冲吸能结构的优化设计提供新的选择方式。
关键词：组合式铝蜂窝；串联式蜂窝；缓冲吸能；异面压缩
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0100-07
Studies on buffering and energy-absorption of two bilayer aluminum
honeycomb structures
LI Xiangcheng， LIN Yuliang， LU Fangyun， LI Zhibing
（Institute of Engineering Physics，College of Science，NUDT，Changsha 410073，China）
Abstract: Aimed to optimize multi-layer aluminum hexagonal honeycomb buffer and energy-absorption structures， related properties between bilayer combined aluminum hexagonal honeycomb and series aluminum honeycomb were compared. The authors carried out on two types of hexagonal honeycomb with different sizes of cells under quasi-static out-of-plane compression. As a result， stress-strain curves of combined aluminum honeycomb and series aluminum honeycomb were gotten. Results show that both bilayer aluminum honeycomb structures can realize gradient plateau stress response， which is beneficial in the practical applications. Besides， it also shows that the insertion process of combined honeycomb structure can erase the initial peak stress，but a higher peak stress is left and it can also realize higher compaction degree. In a word， the ability of buffering and energy-absorption is better than series honeycomb structures.
Keywords: combined aluminum honeycomb； series honeycomb structure； energy-absorption； out-of-plane compression
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.020
金属材料动态力学参数试验获取方法
程远征， 刘建湖， 潘建强， 孟利平， 王海坤， 毛海斌， 杨 静
（中国船舶科学研究中心，江苏 无锡 214082）
摘 要：获取合理的金属材料动态本构，需要试验提供准确的材料动态力学参数。目前大多数试验采用准静态材料试验机和霍普金森杆进行，导致中、低段应变率试验数据的缺失，为对数据进行补充，该文在上述两种试验装置基础上，采用Instron高速材料试验机，对Q345钢进行动态拉伸试验，得到覆盖较广应变率的试验数据，并对试验试件的设计和修正、试验数据的处理方法以及Q345钢动态本构模型的拟合方法开展研究，总结形成一套系统的金属材料动态力学参数的试验获取方法，为建立其他材料的动态本构模型提供依据。
关键词：Instron高速材料试验机；应变率；材料动态力学参数；试验方法
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0107-06
Experiment method of deriving the dynamic mechanical parameters of metal materials
CHENG Yuanzheng， LIU Jianhu， PAN Jianqiang， MENG Liping， WANG Haikun，
MAO Haibin， YANG Jing
（China Ship Scientific Research Center，Wuxi 214082，China）
Abstract: To get reasonable dynamic constitutive model of metal material， accurate experimental data of dynamic properties is required. At present， most test adopting the quasi-static material testing machine and the Hopkinson bar， leading to a lack of low and medium strain rate test data. in order to supply the data， the high-speed Instron material testing machine is also adopted to test Q345 steel dynamic mechanical properties. Comprehensive experimental data on strain rate were derived. The approach of designing and fixing test specimen， the analysis of experimental data and fitting process of dynamic constitutive model were studied. An experimental method to get dynamic parameters of metal materials were summarized， which can provide support to build dynamic constitutive model.
Keywords: instron high-speed material testing machine； strain rate； material dynamic mechanical parameter； experimental method
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.021
两种不同微结构的高硅氧/酚醛树脂基复合材料
动态压缩性能研究
陈军红， 徐伟芳， 谢若泽， 张方举， 黄西成， 胡文军
（中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621999）
摘 要：为获得高硅氧/酚醛树脂基复合材料动态压缩力学性能以及研究微结构对该种材料力学性能影响，利用分离式霍普金森压杆分别对两种不同微结构的高硅氧/酚醛树脂基复合材料进行动态压缩实验。实验结果发现，在相同应变率下，高硅氧丝/酚醛树脂基复合材料强度高于高硅氧布/酚醛树脂基复合材料。此外，实验结果还显示微结构对材料的失效模式有显著影响，高硅氧丝/酚醛树脂基复合材料显现出一种劈裂的失效模式，而高硅氧布/酚醛树脂基复合材料却发生剪切断裂。进一步通过对其断裂形貌分析指出，高硅氧玻璃纤维的排列方式决定复合材料的断裂模式。
关键词：高硅氧纤维；复合材料；微结构；动态压缩；失效模式
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0113-06
Dynamic compressive properties of two high silica glass/phenolic
composites with different microstructures
CHEN Junhong， XU Weifang， XIE Ruoze， ZHANG Fangju， HUANG Xicheng， HU Wenjun
（Institute of Systems Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621999，China）
Abstract: In order to obtain the dynamic compressive properties of the high silica glass/phenolic composites and study the effect of microstructure on mechanical properties of this composite. This paper uses the split Hopkinson pressure bar to conduct dynamic compressive tests on the high silica glass/phenolic composites which have two different microstructures. The result shows that under the similar strain rate， the strength of high silica glass fiber/phenolic composite is higher than the high silica glass fabric/ phenolic composite. Furthermore， the microstructure has significant effect on the failure mode of this composite. The high silica glass composite has a splitting failure mode， however， the high silica glass fabric composite indicates the shear failure mode. From the analysis on the fracture feature of the sample， it can be concluded that the frature mode of the composite is determined by the orientation of the high silica glass fiber.
Keywords: high silica glass； composites； microstructure； dynamic compression； failure mode
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.022
小变形条件下聚合物本构关系研究
高 波， 彭 刚， 冯家臣， 王绪财， 王 伟， 陈春晓
（中国兵器工业集团第五三研究所，山东 济南 250031）
摘 要：通过两种工程塑料不同温度条件下的准静态和动态压缩试验，研究这两种工程塑料的应力应变特性。同时，为描述所研究聚合物在高温、高应变率下的应力-应变特性，基于Johnson-Cook本构模型，建立一种形式简洁、便于参数拟合的聚合物本构模型。分别利用聚甲醛和密胺树脂在准静态下和高应变率条件下的真应力-真应变曲线，对模型进行参数拟合和标定，结果表明：在高温、高应变率条件下，模型可以预测到5%应变以前的应力-应变关系，与聚合物力学性质符合率良好。
关键词：本构关系；参数标定；Johnson-Cook模型；聚甲醛；密胺树脂
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0119-04
The constitutive relation of polymer research in the range of infinitesimal strain
GAO Bo， PENG Gang， FENG Jiachen， WANG Xucai， WANG Wei， CHEN Chunxiao
（Institute 53 of China Ordnance Industry Group，Ji’nan 250031，China）
Abstract: The stress-strain characteristics of poly formaldehyde and melamine resin are investigated by quasi-static and dynamic compression experiments. In the meantime， in order to describe the dynamic compression mechanical properties of the polymer， a type of polymer constitutive model which is simple in form and easy for parameter fitting， was proposed based on Johnson-Cook constitutive model. The true stress-true strain curves of poly formaldehyde and melamine resin under the condition of quasi-static and high strain rate were used for parameter fitting and to calibrate the new model. The results show that under the condition of high temperature as well as high strain rate， the new model can predict the stress-strain relationship before strain reaches 5%. The coincidence rate of the model and the polymer mechanical properties are good.
Keywords: constitutive relation； parameters calibration； Johnson-Cook model； poly formaldehyde； melamine resin
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.023
单脉冲加载技术及其在钛合金拉伸行为研究中的应用
张 军1， 汪 洋2
（1. 中国工程物理研究院总体工程研究所，四川 绵阳 621999； 2. 中国科学技术大学近代力学系，安徽 合肥 230027）
摘 要：为精确评价钛合金热率相关的力学行为，利用冲击拉伸试验系统和基于单应力脉冲加载的冲击拉伸复元试验技术分别获得TC11钛合金在高应变率（102~103 s-1）范围内的绝热应力-应变曲线和等温应力-应变曲线，实现拉伸响应的热力解耦；利用冲击拉伸加卸载试验技术实施变温度和变应变率测试，研究历史效应对于本构行为的影响。结果表明：TC11的初始屈服行为呈现温度软化和应变率强化特性，而等温塑性应变硬化行为表现出温度和应变率不敏感特征，瞬态绝热温升是导致材料动态应变硬化率降低的主要原因；高应变率加载时材料内的热功转换系数约为0.9，且其拉伸力学行为无明显的温度和应变率历史效应。实验结果为建立钛合金的本构模型奠定试验基础。
关键词：钛合金；应变率；绝热温升；历史效应
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0123-05
A single pulse loading method of split-Hopkinson tension bar and its
application in the tension behavior of titanium alloy
ZHANG Jun1， WANG Yang2
（1. Institute of Systems Engineering，China Academy of Engineering Physics，Mianyang 621999，China；
2. Department of Modern Mechanics，University of Science and Technology of China，Hefei 230027，China）
Abstract: In order to understand and evaluate the thermal-mechanically dependent behavior of titanium alloy， the uniaxial tension tests and recovery tests are performed to obtain the adiabatic and isothermal stress-strain curves at strain rates ranging from 102 s-1 to 103 s-1 respectively on a single pulse loading SHTB. The variable temperature and strain rate tests are conducted to study the history effect on the constitutive model. Experimental results indicate that there is a positive strain-rate sensitivity and a thermal-softening effect with respect to the initial yield behavior. Meanwhile， the strain hardening behavior shows insensitive on the strain rates and/or temperatures. The adiabatic temperature rise is the main reason that strain hardening rate of titanium alloy decreases to instability. The temperature and strain rate jump tests indicate that the value of temperature rise conversion coefficient is 0.9， approximately. The tensile mechanical behavior has no apparent history effects on strain rate and temperature. The corresponding progress may lay the experimental foundation for the constitutive model of titanium alloy.
Keywords: titanium alloy; strain rate; adiabatic temperature rise; history effect
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.024
压杆测压系统的快速补偿技术
王 昭， 杨 军， 李 焰， 张 敏， 张德志， 田 耕， 吴祖堂
（西北核技术研究所，陕西 西安 710024）
摘 要：该文针对长距离压杆测压系统的频谱带宽不足问题，在常规电缆补偿技术的基础上，提出一种系统整体补偿方法。设计相应的补偿电路，利用Multisim电路仿真软件进行辅助设计和优化，同时利用扫频方法和阶跃响应方法估算系统的带宽，通过现场测试，补偿后测试系统的带宽达到约600 kHz，输出信号幅值为原系统的1/2，满足压杆测压系统的带宽需求。制作相应的补偿器，测试得到补偿前后系统的幅频曲线和阶跃响应曲线，两种曲线均证明补偿后系统的带宽优于补偿前系统带宽，说明系统整体补偿方法的有效性，为现场测试系统的频谱快速补偿提供参考。
关键词：压杆；测量；带宽补偿；滤波器
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0128-04
Rapid compensation of pressure bar system
WANG Zhao， YANG Jun， LI Yan， ZHANG Min， ZHANG Dezhi， TIAN Geng， WU Zutang
（Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology，Xi’an 710024，China）
Abstract: The bandwidth of measurement system with long transmission lines was shortage for the pressure bar system. A compensation method for the integrated system was proposed based on conventional compensation method. And the compensation circuit was designed and optimized by using the circuit simulation software of Multisim. The transmission bandwidth of after-compensation system could reach 600 kHz and amplitude of signal could be 1/2 of the original one， which satisfied the requirements of the pressure bar system. The compensator was made， and the amplitude-frequency and step response curves before and after compensation proved that the bandwidth was expanded， and the compensation method was rapid and available.
Keywords: pressure bar； measurement； bandwidth compensation； filter
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.025
无线量测系统在大当量静爆测试中的应用
郭士旭， 陈晋央， 周会娟， 余尚江
（61489部队，河南 洛阳 471023）
摘 要：大当量静爆威力试验中待测物理参数多、传感器布设区域广、人员安全距离远，给引线电测系统和存储测试系统带来诸多困难。该文研制基于WI-FI的爆炸效应无线量测系统，由数据采集仪、无线组网设备等组成。数据采集仪具备信号调理、数据采集和存储、无线通信、高精度同步等功能；无线组网设备支持802.11n/ac协议，发射功率高，内置高增益定向天线。通过大当量静爆威力试验验证系统的可靠性。整个系统能够实现远程无线管理、多设备高精度同步采样、数据高速率无线传输、大范围分布式布设，可提高静爆威力测试效率。
关键词：爆炸效应测试；无线量测系统；时钟同步；分布式组网测试
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0132-06
Application of wireless measurement system for explosive effect test in large
equivalent static burst power test
GUO Shixu， CHEN Jinyang， ZHOU Huijuan， YU Shangjiang
（Unit 61489 PLA，Luoyang 471023，China）
Abstract: In static detonation tests， there are many physical parameters needed to be tested， sensors are placed in a large area， and safe area is far away， which bring many difficulties to the usual down-lead electronic measurement system and the storage measurement system. A wireless measurement system based on WI-FI is developed， which is composed of data acquisition instruments and wireless networking equipments. The data acquisition instrument has the functions of signal conditioning， data acquisition and storage， wireless communication， high precision synchronization， and etc. The wireless networking equipment supports the 802.11n/ac protocol with a high transmission power and a high gain internal antenna inside. The whole system can be monitored and controlled remotely and wirelessly. Furthermore， it has the advantages of direct measurement for multiple parameters，synchronous trigger and acquisition of multiple channels and multiple equipments， wireless data transmission in high speed， and distributed layout in large scale， which greatly improve the test efficiency. The proposed system has been applied to several explosive effect tests and its high reliability has been verified.
Keywords: explosive test； wireless measurement system； clock synchronization； distributed network test
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.026
战斗部侵彻过程中PBX装药动态损伤数值模拟
石啸海， 戴开达， 陈鹏万， 崔云霄
（北京理工大学 爆炸科学与技术国家重点实验室，北京 100081）
摘 要：为研究战斗部侵彻过程中PBX装药的动态力学性能及损伤情况，进行缩比弹侵彻半无限大混凝土靶板的数值模拟。PBX装药采用内聚力裂纹模型，通过计算PBX装药的损伤演化过程，获得单元裂纹宽度等关键参数，并分析过载、轴向应力及损伤程度，同时计算分析有机玻璃、聚四氟乙烯等材料作为缓冲层对装药动态损伤的影响。结果表明：1）基于内聚力裂纹模型的PBX装药自定义材料模型能很好地模拟装药的动态力学性能及损伤；2）使用缓冲层可以有效地保护战斗部内部装药；3）有机玻璃作缓冲材料用于改善装药力学环境的效果更加明显。
关键词：战斗部；PBX装药；动态损伤；内聚力裂纹模型；数值模拟
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0138-05
Numerical simulation of dynamic damage of PBX charge during the
warhead penetration process
SHI Xiaohai， DAI Kaida， CHEN Pengwan， CUI Yunxiao
（State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology，Beijing Institute of Technology，
Beijing 100081，China）
Abstract: To study the dynamic mechanical response and damage of PBX charge in the process of warhead penetration， the numerical simulation of scaled projectile penetrating into semi-infinite concrete target is used. The cohesive crack model （CCM） is used to simulate PBX charge. The key parameters， such as the width of crack， were obtained by computing the damage evolution of PBX charge. Meanwhile， the overload， axial stress and damage degree were analyzed. Simultaneously， the effect of dynamic damage of buffer layer， such as PMMA and PTFE， on the charge is discussed. The results show that 1）the user defined material model based on CCM has good effect to simulate the dynamic mechanical properties and damage of PBX charge； 2）the buffer layer can protect internal charge validly and 3）the PMMA is the best buffer material to improve mechanical environment of charge.
Keywords: warhead； PBX charge； dynamic damage； cohesive crack model； numerical simulation
doi：10.11857/j.issn.1674-5124.2016.10.027
钢/尼龙夹层板动态压缩力学性能研究
蔡玄龙1， 沈超明1， 卢卫彬2
（1． 江苏科技大学船舶与海洋工程学院，江苏 镇江 212003； 2. 扬帆集团股份有限公司，浙江 舟山 316000）
摘 要：为研究钢/尼龙夹层板的适用性，对夹层板的动态压缩力学性能进行仿真和试验研究。利用有限元软件LS-DYNA对霍普金森压杆（SHPB）实验进行数值模拟，结果表明钢/尼龙夹层板是一种应变率敏感性材料。基于朱王唐（ZWT）非线性粘弹性模型拟合得到不同厚度比的钢/尼龙夹层板的动态压缩本构方程。经实验验证，本构方程具有较高精度，可以用于对该类夹层板动态压缩力学性能的预测，同时也证明该文的SHPB实验的数值模拟方法正确性。
关键词：钢/尼龙夹层板；动态压缩；霍普金森压杆；本构模型
文献标志码：A 文章编号：1674-5124（2016）10-0143-06
Study on dynamic compression mechanical properties of steel/nylon sandwich plate
CAI Xuanlong1， SHEN Chaoming1， LU Weibin2
（1. School of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering，Jiangsu University of Science and Technology，
Zhenjiang 212003，China；
2. Yangfan Group Co.，Ltd.，Zhoushan 316000，China）
Abstract: The dynamic compression mechanical properties of steel/nylon sandwich plate have been investigated by simulation and experiments studies to expand the use of these structures. Finite element software LS-DYNA was used to simulate the experiment of Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar（SHPB）， it turns out the steel/nylon sandwich plate is of strain rate sensitivity. ZWT nonlinear viscoelastic model was used to fit the dynamic compressing constitutive equation of various sandwich plates， which has different thickness ratio. Comparing the experimental data， we find the equation has a high accuracy， it can predict the dynamic compression mechanical properties of steel/nylon sandwich plates and prove the accuracy of numerical simulation method in SHPB experiments.
Keywords: steel/nylon sandwich plate； dynamic compression； SHPB； constitutive equation
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